Chromatographic characterization on flavonoids and triterpenes of leaves and flowers of 15 crataegus L. species

Abstract

Chromatographic Characterization on Flavonoids and Triterpenes of Leaves and Flowers of 15 Crataegus L. Species The Hawthorn (Crataegus L.) is the most commonly used herb for treating cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this paper was the analysis and comparison of HPTLC chromatographic profiles of flavonoids and triterpenes of leaves and flowers of 15 Crataegus L. species occurring throughout Eurasia and North America, and determination of specific distinguishing markers of its fingerprints. The optimal chromatographical conditions for evaluation of flavonoids and triterpenes of 15 Hawthorn species were proposed, the specific HPTLC fingerprints were obtained. The flavonoids fingerprints were qualitatively much the same for the pharmacopoeial species C.laevigata/oxyacantha and C.monogyna and other related non-pharmacopoeial European and Asian Hawthorn species including C.curvisepala, C.pseudokyrtostyla, C.fallacina, C.leiomonogyna, C.ambigua, C.sanguinea, C.almaatensis, C.turkestanica. The specific distinctive features for Hawthorn species native to North America, including C.punctata var aurea, C.pringlei, C.festiva, C.douglasii and C.holmesiana, were determined. The evaluation of the triterpenes profiles showed that all 15 analyzed Hawthorn species had quite similar fingerprints.

Simple and Effective Derivatization of Amino Acids with 1-Fluoro-2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene in a Microwave Reactor for Determination of Free Amino Acids in Kombucha Beverages

“…The total amino acid content was the largest in the hawthorn kombucha, whereas the lowest was in the barberry kombucha. The hawthorn is a valuable source of medicinal raw material widely used for cardiovascular disorders, which indicates that the obtained product of fermentation of this raw material may reveal better health properties [ 25 ]. Moreover, the tested product can supplement our diet with valuable ingredients, such as free amino acids.…”

Botanical, Phytochemical, Anti-Microbial and Pharmaceutical Characteristics of Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.), Rosaceae

“…High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) chromatographic profiles were performed using leaves and flowers of 15 Crataegus L. species throughout Eurasia and North America, identifying flavonoids and triterpenes. This analysis allowed the identification of fingerprinting markers usable for the pharmacopoeial species [ 47 ]. A similar technique was helpful in the qualitative and quantitative analyses of the phenolic compounds present in C. oxyacantha and this work allowed the identification of Catechin, (-)-epicatechin and phenolic acids such as caffeic acid [ 48 ].…”

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Crataegus laevigata

“…In C. laevigata , other flavonoids include catechin, epicatechin, procyanidin B‐2, rutin (0.3% dry mass), hyperoside (12.9%), vitexin (0.9%), isovitexin (2.5%), isoquercitrin (6.0%), quercetin (0.1–10.5 mg/g dry mass in flowers; 241 mg/kg in leaves) and apigenin (1.9–12.8 mg/g in flowers; 3.95 mg/kg dry mass in leaves; Lamaison & Carnat, 1990; Ringl et al., 2007; Škerget et al., 2005; Yang & Liu, 2012). Clear differences in flavonoid composition and concentration were found in leaves and flowers of 15 Eurasian and American Crataegus species but not in triterpenes (Khokhlova et al., 2020). Vitexin and its derivatives are of a higher concentration in the leaves of European species ( C. laevigata and C. monogyna ) while rutin (quercetin‐3‐ O ‐rutinoside) is significantly more concentrated in the leaves of North American species ( C. douglasii Lindl.…”