CHROMATOGRAPHY OF STEROIDS PRODUCED BY RAT ADRENALS <i>IN VITRO</i>

Elliott, F. H.

doi:10.1139/o55-025

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Tests.--The in vitro secretion of adrenal corticoids in response to ACTH stimulation was measured according to the method of Elliot et al (14) as modified by Saffron and Schally (15) and adapted to mouse glands by Berry and Smythe (9). Adrenal cholesterol levels were estimated by the method of Knobil et al (16).…”

Section: Adrenal Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Bacterial Endotoxins on Metabolism

Berry

Smythe

Kolbye

1962

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Suter, Ullman, and Hoffman (1) were the first to report that mice infected with an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (BCG) are more susceptible than control animals to the lethal effects of bacterial endotoxins derived from Gram-negative organisms. This was confirmed by Howard et al. (2) who also showed that increased activity of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) exists at a time when the animals are most sensitive to endotoxin. This finding had not been anticipated since the RES is believed from other experiments to play an important role in an animal's response to endotoxin. "Blockade" of the RES by injections of colloidal agents sensitizes animals to endotoxin (3, 4) while induced tolerance to endotoxin is lost following similar treatment (5, 6). More recently, Suter and Kirsanow (7) elaborated the conditions necessary for the development of hyperreactivity toward endotoxin in BCG-infected animals. Infection with living mycobacteria is more effective than injection of an equivalent number of dead organisms. Maximum sensitivity develops after 7 to 9 days and persists for some time thereafter. The reaction is non-specific; i.e., hyperreactivity occurs with endotoxins derived from different species of Gram-negative bacteria.Our interest in this effect of BCG was prompted by the desire to increase the sensitivity of the urinary nitrogen excretion assay for endotoxin (8,9). It soon became apparent, however, that BCG-infected mice respond to endotoxin in a manner quite distinct from those previously studied in our laboratory: This report summarizes the results on which this conclusion is based.

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Section: Adrenal Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Bacterial Endotoxins on Metabolism

Berry

Smythe

Kolbye

1962

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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“…Content of Adrenal Glands of Mice.--Adrenal glands incubated for 2 hours at 37°C in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer following a 1 hour preincubation period, during which preformed hormones are largely eliminated (4,5), secrete in the absence of ACTH 6.2 4-0.6 pg of corticoid per 100 mg of adrenal tissue. This figure is based on eight separate determinations and serves as a baseline for the data presented in Table I.…”

Section: Elect Of Endotoxin On In Vitro Secretion Of Corticoids and Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Bacterial Endotoxins on Metabolism

Berry

Smythe

1961

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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An injection of either heat-killed Salmonella typMmurium or the lipopolysaccharide from any one of several different Gram-negative bacteria prevents or lowers, depending upon dosage, the increase in urinary nitrogen excreted by mice in response to an injection of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) (1). All available evidence points to the fact that endotoxin is responsible for this effect and that the quantity required is inversely proportional to the toxicity of the specific preparation employed. The underlying physiological basis for this action of endotoxin, however, remains obscure.In order to place the problem in clearer perspective, the following facts have been established: (a) Fasted female mice weighing about 20 gm excrete in an overnight period (17 hours) between 13 and 14 mg urinary nitrogen. This quantity is depressed slightly but not by a statistically significant amount following intraperitoneally administered endotoxin at dosage levels sublethal but toxic for mice (2).(b) Fasted mice injected subcutaneously with 0.5 to 8 units of ACTH (Armour's acthar gel) excrete overnight about 29 mg urinary nitrogen (2).(c) Fasted mice injected subcutaneously with 5 mg cortisone acetate excrete overnight about 21 mg urinary nitrogen (2).(d) An LDa0 dose of endotoxin fails to alter the urinary nitrogen excreted after an injection of cortisone while a toxic but sublethal dose of endotoxin either prevents completely or lowers in proportion to dose the elevation in nitrogen excreted after an ACTH injection. It is the latter effect that serves as the previously described assay for endotoxin (1).It is reasonable to assume from reports in the literature (3) that the rise in urinary nitrogen excreted by normal mice given ACTH results, at least in

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Corticosteroid-Releasing Activity in Blood

Roberts

2008

Ciba Foundation Symposium - Hormones in Blood (Colloquia on Endocrinology, Vol. 11)

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CHROMATOGRAPHY OF STEROIDS PRODUCED BY RAT ADRENALS IN VITRO

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Bacterial Endotoxins on Metabolism

Effects of Bacterial Endotoxins on Metabolism

Effects of Bacterial Endotoxins on Metabolism

Corticosteroid-Releasing Activity in Blood

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