Chromenoflavones from Macaranga indica

Sultana, Sarwat; Ilyas, M.

doi:10.1016/0031-9422(86)80036-x

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The genus has a wide variety of insect mutualisms, ranging from nonmyrmecophytes to facultative, transitional and obligate myrmecophytes (Fiala and Maschwitz 1990;Fiala et al 1989Fiala et al , 1994Fiala et al , 1999Itioka et al 2000). There are fragmentary descriptions of interspecific variation in intensities of ant and non-ant defences in Macaranga (Eck et al 2001;Fiala and Maschwitz 1990Fiala et al 1989Fiala et al , 1994Heil et al 1999;Hnawia et al 1990;Itioka et al 2000;Lin 1993Lin , 1994Lin et al 1990a, b;Nomura et al 2000Nomura et al , 2001Sultana and Ilyas 1986). Itioka et al (2000) and Nomura et al (2000) demonstrated wide variations in defence intensities, even amongst sympatric species of Macaranga, and showed that the intensities of non-ant defences are negatively correlated with the intensities of ant defences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Correlation between the leaf turnover rate and anti-herbivore defence strategy (balance between ant and non-ant defences) amongst ten species of Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae)

2010

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We measured variation in the intensities of ant and non-ant anti-herbivore defences amongst ten Macaranga species in Sarawak, Malaysia. Intensities of non-ant defences were estimated by measuring effects of fresh leaves (provided as food) of these Macaranga species on survival of common cutworm larvae [Spodoptera litura (Fabricius), Lepidoptera: Noctuidae]. Intensities of ant defences were estimated by measuring ant aggressiveness in the presence of artificial damage inflicted on plants. As part of our examination of non-ant defences, we measured leaf toughness (punch strength, by penetrometry), and the contents of total phenols and condensed tannin. We demonstrated interspecific variation in intensities of both ant and non-ant defences amongst ten Macaranga species and showed that the rank order of ant defence intensity was negatively correlated with the intensity of non-ant defence. We also found that the balance between ant and non-ant defence intensity was correlated with the rates of leaf turnover and shoot growth. Species investing more in ant defence tended to have higher leaf turnover rates. Macaranga species that occur preferentially in shadier microhabitats had lower leaf turnover rates, suggesting that non-ant defences are more cost-effective in more shadetolerant species. Our results also suggest that the total intensity of non-ant defences is positively correlated with both leaf toughness and total phenol content.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Correlation between the leaf turnover rate and anti-herbivore defence strategy (balance between ant and non-ant defences) amongst ten species of Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae)

2010

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“…Macaranga species are defended by plant secondary compounds (Sultana & Ilyas 1986; Hnawia et al 1990) and/or by ants (Fiala et al 1989). Fiala et al (1989) demonstrated that ant‐occupied Macaranga plants suffer less damage by herbivores than ant‐free ones, although they made no analysis on variation in damage through developmental stages or among Macaranga species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interspecific variation and ontogenetic change in antiherbivore defense in myrmecophytic Macaranga species

Itino

Itioka

2001

Ecological Research

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The present study examined whether or not coexisting congeneric plant species have different defense strategies against herbivores, and the intensity of defense changes ontogenetically. We focused on nine myrmecophytic Macaranga species and estimated the intensity of non‐biotic and biotic defense by the degree of leaf damage in ant‐free and ant‐occupied plants, respectively. Ant colonization of myrmecophytic Macaranga species occurred in the early stage of plant development (5–50 cm‐tall seedlings). Following the colonization, damage by leaf eaters was minimized and stable during the ontogenetic development of the host plants due to protection by ants. In ant‐free trees, however, herbivore damage was immense in seedlings and decreased as trees grew. Interspecific comparison of leaf damage and herbivore fauna supported that coexisting congeneric plants differ in their types of non‐biotic (chemical/structural) defense: without ant protection, Macaranga beccariana, for example, was somewhat resistant to leaf eaters but susceptible to gall‐makers, Macaranga trachyphylla was heavily infested by generalist leaf eaters, and Macaranga winkleri was exploited by ant‐predatory birds. Despite these variations in chemical/structural defense, ant‐colonized plants were generally well defended by ants against all kinds of herbivores. This suggests that the individual host‐specific ant mutualists are well adapted to deter the chemically or structurally adapted herbivores. These results imply that in the history of diversification in the Macaranga–ant–herbivore system, a sequence of mutual counter adaptation took place not only between plants and herbivores but also between ants and herbivores.

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“…The current phytochemical investigation provided different metabolites from the species of Indonesia. Flavonoids also have been isolated previously from various Macaranga species such as M. tanarius [17], M. triloba [18], M. indica [19], M. vedeliana [20], M. denticulate [21], and M. kurzii [22].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Phytochemicals and biological activities of Macaranga hosei and Macaranga constricta (Euphorbiaceae)

Salleh¹,

Razak²,

Ahmad³

2017

mpj

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Phytochemicals and biological activities of the leaves of Macaranga hosei and Macaranga constricta have been studied. Fractionation and purification of the extracts of M. hosei afforded two triterpenoids, lupenone (1) and β-sitostenone (2) and two flavonoids, 5-hydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyflavone (3) and 5-hydroxy-6,7,4'-trimethoxyflavone (4). Three triterpenoids characterized as taraxerone (5), taraxerol (6) and β-amyrin (7) were isolated from M. constricta. The structures of these compounds were established by analysis of their spectroscopic data, as compared to that of reported compounds. Biological activities which include antibacterial, α-glucosidase inhibition and antioxidant were also carried out. The antibacterial activities have demonstrated that all extracts and isolated compounds exhibited weak inhibition against the tested bacterial strains with MIC value exceeded 500 μg/mL. Evaluation of α-glucosidase inhibition activity using ρ-nitrophenyl-ρ-D-glucopyranosidase on extracts exhibited α-glucosidase inhibitory potential. The most potent α-glucosidase activity was exhibited by the petroleum ether extract of M. hosei with inhibitory concentration at 50% (IC 50 ) of 25.3 ppm compared with quercetin (4.5 ppm) and acarbose (12.6 ppm). The antioxidant activity was conducted through DPPH radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content. All the extracts displayed positive results and the methanol extract of M. hosei displayed the highest scavenging activity with scavenging concentration at 50% (SC 50 ) value of 25.8 ppm. The methanol extract of M. hosei also gave the highest total phenol content with 347.7 mg GAE/g.

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Chromenoflavones from Macaranga indica

Cited by 28 publications

References 2 publications

Correlation between the leaf turnover rate and anti-herbivore defence strategy (balance between ant and non-ant defences) amongst ten species of Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae)

Correlation between the leaf turnover rate and anti-herbivore defence strategy (balance between ant and non-ant defences) amongst ten species of Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae)

Interspecific variation and ontogenetic change in antiherbivore defense in myrmecophytic Macaranga species

Phytochemicals and biological activities of Macaranga hosei and Macaranga constricta (Euphorbiaceae)

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