Chromium-doped forsterite laser pumped with 1.06 μm radiation

Verdún, Horacio R.; Thomas, L.M.; Andrauskas, Donna M.; McCollum, Tom; Pinto, Albert

doi:10.1063/1.100537

Cited by 215 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…However, most researchers think (rather convincing arguments are given) that TC trivalent ions (Al 3+ or Ga 3+ ) are substituted by tetravalent Cr in the garnets under the corresponding growth conditions. The additional divalent dopants (Mg, Ca) compensate the charge difference of the dopant ion and the main cation [66,67].…”

Section: Spectroscopic Model Of Bleaching Of Crystals With Tc Transitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saturable absorbers based on tetrahedrally coordinated transition-metal ions in crystals (Review)

Malyarevich

Yumashev

2009

J Appl Spectrosc

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Published data on spectroscopic characteristics of saturable absorbers based on crystals doped with tetrahedrally coordinated transition-metal ions (Cr 2+ , Cr 4+ , Cr 5+ , V 3+ , Cr 2+ , Fe 2+ ) in addition to their use as passive Q-switches for solid-state lasers emitting in the visible and near-infrared regions are reviewed.Introduction. The use of saturable absorbers (SA) as passive Q-switches (PS) in solid-state lasers is an effective method for generating nanosecond and subnanosecond light pulses. This method differs favorably from active control of laser cavity gain by the lack of mechanical perturbations of the optical devices, additional sources of power supply, and external electrical control circuits. This simplifies the construction and operation of the laser and reduces its cost. Compact solid-state mini-lasers and ultra-small lasers (so-called microchip lasers) can be fabricated if PS are used.A SA is an optical material for which the transmission increases with increasing power density of the incident radiation. The SA should satisfy several requirements in order to be used as a PS. First of all this applies to SA characteristics at the laser operating wavelength such as absorption saturation energy density, coefficient of residual absorption in the fully bleached state, bleaching rise and fall time, and optical destruction threshold. The requirements for their absolute values depend on the spectroscopic properties of the lasing medium (LM) and the laser cavity parameters.In most instances with certain exceptions, SA based on tetrahedrally coordinated (TC) transition-metal ions of the iron group have bleaching relaxation times that are longer than the generation time of the laser pulses obtained using them. Such SA are usually called slowly relaxing. Relaxation processes leading to a restoration of their initial absorption can be ignored in analyzing their operation in a laser. In the simplest instance (if a four-level diagram is used for the spectroscopic model of the SA), the criterion for SA functioning as a PS is written [1-8]:

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Section: Spectroscopic Model Of Bleaching Of Crystals With Tc Transitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saturable absorbers based on tetrahedrally coordinated transition-metal ions in crystals (Review)

Malyarevich

Yumashev

2009

J Appl Spectrosc

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“…Since the demonstration of forsterite:Cr laser [1,2], remarkable progress has been made in the development of forsterite:Cr lasers with high performance. For example, an all-solid-state forsterite:Cr laser generated 14-fs pulses at 1.3 µm with 80 mW average power at 100 MHz repetition rate [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recharging processes of Cr ions in Mg₂SiO₄ and Y₃Al₅O₁₂ crystals under influence of annealing and γ ‐ irradiation

Kaczmarek¹,

Chen

Boulon

2005

Cryst. Res. Technol.

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Recharging processes of chromium ions were investigated for Mg 2 SiO 4 :Mg, Cr single crystals using annealing in O 2 and in air and γ-irradiation, as compare to YAG :Ca, Cr single crystals. The formation of tetravalent Cr ions in the Mg 2 SiO 4 :Mg, Cr is related not only to the initial Cr content in the melt, oxygen partial pressure and O 2-vacancy existing in the crystal, but also to the external field such as γ-irradiation. The additional absorption after γ-irradiation shows the decrease in intensity of the absorption of Cr 3+ and Cr 4+ ions in some part of the spectrum and increase in the other giving evidence on recharging effects between Cr 3+ and Cr 4+. There arises also color centers observed between 380 nm and 570 nm that may participate in energy transfer of any excitation to Cr 4+ giving rise to Cr 4+ emission. Opposite to forsterite crystal, absorption spectrum of YAG:Ca, Cr crystal after γ-irradiation reveals only increase in the absorption of the Cr bands. The observed behavior of the absorption spectrum of YAG:Ca, Cr crystal under influence of γ-irradiation suggests that γ-irradiation ionizes only Cr ions.

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“…Such a wide tuning is due to a strong interaction between their open 3d-electron shell and crystal lattice vibrations, which gives rise to very broad bands of spin-allowed transitions in absorption spectra of crystals doped with these ions. Cr 4+ -doped hosts have been a subject of numerous thorough investigations since the late 1980's [1][2][3][4][5]. Efficient laser oscillations at room temperature were observed in Mg 2 SiO 4 [1,2], Y 3 Al 5 O 12 [4,5], Y 3 Sc 0.5 Al 4.5 O 12 [6], Y 2 SiO 5 [7], and Ca 2 GeO 4 [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cr 4+ -doped hosts have been a subject of numerous thorough investigations since the late 1980's [1][2][3][4][5]. Efficient laser oscillations at room temperature were observed in Mg 2 SiO 4 [1,2], Y 3 Al 5 O 12 [4,5], Y 3 Sc 0.5 Al 4.5 O 12 [6], Y 2 SiO 5 [7], and Ca 2 GeO 4 [8]. Recently, a detailed spectroscopic study of optical properties of LiAlO 2 :Cr 4+ and LiGaO 2 :Cr 4+ was published [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystal field analysis of the ground and excited state absorption of a Cr4+ ion in LiAlO2 and LiGaO2 crystals

Brik

Avram

2005

Open Physics

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The exchange charge model of crystal field theory has been used to analyze the ground and excited state absorption of tetrahedrally coordinated Cr 4+ ion in lithium aluminum oxide LiAlO 2 (γ-phase) and lithium dioxogallate LiGaO 2 . The parameters of the crystal field acting on the Cr 4+ ion are calculated from the crystal structure data, taking into account the crystal lattice ions located at distances up to 12.744Å in LiGaO 2 and 13.180Å in LiAlO 2 . The obtained energy level schemes were compared with experimental ground and excited state absorption spectra and literature data on the application of other crystal field models (the angular overlap model and Racah theory) to the considered crystals; a good agreement with experimental data is demonstrated.

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Chromium-doped forsterite laser pumped with 1.06 μm radiation

Cited by 215 publications

References 4 publications

Saturable absorbers based on tetrahedrally coordinated transition-metal ions in crystals (Review)

Saturable absorbers based on tetrahedrally coordinated transition-metal ions in crystals (Review)

Recharging processes of Cr ions in Mg₂SiO₄ and Y₃Al₅O₁₂ crystals under influence of annealing and γ ‐ irradiation

Crystal field analysis of the ground and excited state absorption of a Cr4+ ion in LiAlO2 and LiGaO2 crystals

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Chromium-doped forsterite laser pumped with 1.06 μm radiation

Cited by 215 publications

References 4 publications

Saturable absorbers based on tetrahedrally coordinated transition-metal ions in crystals (Review)

Saturable absorbers based on tetrahedrally coordinated transition-metal ions in crystals (Review)

Recharging processes of Cr ions in Mg2SiO4 and Y3Al5O12 crystals under influence of annealing and γ ‐ irradiation

Crystal field analysis of the ground and excited state absorption of a Cr4+ ion in LiAlO2 and LiGaO2 crystals

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Recharging processes of Cr ions in Mg₂SiO₄ and Y₃Al₅O₁₂ crystals under influence of annealing and γ ‐ irradiation