Chromium(III) Nanoparticles Affect Hormone and Immune Responses in Heat-Stressed Rats

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of chromium nanoparticles (CrNano) on the hormone and immune responses of rats in heat stress condition. A total of 80 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four dietary treatment groups (n = 20). The first group was offered a basal diet as a control. The second, third, and fourth groups received basal diet supplemented with 150, 300, and 450 microg/kg Cr, respectively, in the form of CrNano. At the end of the 8-week trial, growth performance, food utilization, and sera concentrations of hormones, immunoglobulins, and alexins were determined. Lymphocyte proliferation activity, antibody response to injected sheep red blood cells (SRBCs), and phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages were determined by (3)H-thymidine uptake method, plaque-forming cells (PFC) assay, and ingesting chicken red blood cells test, respectively. The results indicated that rats that received CrNano exhibited no changes in growth rate and food efficiency compared to the control group. However, dietary supplementation of 150, 300, and 450 microg/kg Cr from CrNano significantly decreased serum concentrations of insulin and cortisol, increased sera levels of insulin-like growth factor I and immunoglobulin G, and enhanced the lymphoproliferative response, anti-SRBC PFC response, and phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages. These results suggest that dietary supplementation of Cr as CrNano affects hormone and immune status in heat-stressed rats.

Effects Different Levels of Nanoparticles Chromium Picolinate Supplementation on Growth Performance, Mineral Retention, and Immune Responses in Broiler Chickens

“…On the other hand, lymphocytes significantly increased (p=0.0004) in chicken fed 3000 ppb NanoCrPic, whereas heterophils and heterophil to lymphocyte ratio were significantly decreased in both 500 and 3000 ppb NanoCrPic groups (p<0.05). The results were agreement with those of Zha et al (2008) who found that dietary supplementation of 150, 300, and 450 ppb Cr from NanoCr enhanced the lymphoproliferative response in Sprague-Dawley rats; Toghyani et al (2007) also reported increases in lymphocyte counts and decreases in heterophil to lymphocyte ratios in 1000 and 1500 ppb CrPic supplementation in heat-stressed chicks.…”

Effect of dietary supplementation of vitamin E, zinc, and chromium supplementation on growth performance and hematological characteristics of broiler chickens

“…Sirirat et al (2012), in a study conducted to investigate the effects of different levels nanoparticles of chromium picolinate (NanoCrPic) on the performance, immune responses, mineral retention, and tissues accumulation of chickens reported significant increase in lymphocytes (p<0.0004) as the level of Cr supplementation increased to 3000ppb. Zha et al (2008) observed lympho proliferative response in rats feed supplementary Cr of 150, 300 and 450 ppb. In the present study, the increase in the number of WBC counts and WBC sub-groups in treatment groups supplemented with vitamin E, zinc and chromium individually or in combination could be attributed to the increase in immunity arising from the supplemented ingredients due to their antioxidant properties, with the ability to quench free radicals.…”

Dietary nano-chromium tripicolinate increases feed intake and decreases plasma cortisol in finisher gilts during summer

“…Under heat stress condition, dietary CrPic decreased glucose level in quails (Quiniou et al 2000) and broiler chickens (Samanta et al 2008), indicating improved glucose clearance and insulin sensitivity. Zha et al (2009) indicated that heatstressed male Sprague-Dawley rats fed with nano-Cr had lower insulin. However, supplementation of CrPic linearly increased insulin concentration at levels from 200 to 1200 μg/kg (Sahin et al 2002a).…”

“…Farm animals tend to reduce feed intake to adapt to high environment temperature (Nardone et al 2010). Zha et al (2009) suggested that nCrPic can balance circulating cortisol and insulin level to maintain homeostasis. The anorexigenic actions of cortisol can mediated via reducing circulating ghrelin levels as well as GHSR1a-LR (biologically active ghrelin receptor) expression and/or suppressing neuropeptide Y expression (Janzen et al 2012).…”

“…Previous studies have demonstrated the potential of Cr to reduce the negative effects of heat stress in broiler and layer poultry and dairy cattle (Sahin et al 2002a;Sahin et al 2002b;Al-Saiady et al 2004). In a rodent model, dietary nCr improved growth rate and feed efficiency in heat-stressed rats (Zha et al 2009). The risk of high rigour temperature of beef carcasses increases with increasing insulin resistance (Warner et al 2014), and it has been proposed that the ability of dietary Cr to improve insulin sensitivity may provide a means of ameliorating heat shortening in beef cattle (DiGiacomo et al 2014) and heat stress in dairy cattle (Dunshea et al 2013).…”