Chromium‐induced micronuclei in fish

Al-Sabti, Kabil; Franko, Mladen; Andrijanič, B.; Knez, S.; Stegnar, P.

doi:10.1002/jat.2550140503

Cited by 60 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, it was recently discovered that the regulation of various CYP isoforms (including CYP1A, CYP2B, CYP3A, CYP4A, and virtually any CYP) generate very large amounts of ROS [48][49][50]. Induction of ROS generation by any of the disinfectants (from +70% for PAA to +280% for NaClO) have some importance, yet these increases are not as massive as variations observed in previous investigations in different animal models treated with other xenobiotics or with other environmental pollutants [42,[51][52][53]. This possibly reflects the very complex activation/suppression pattern observed herein for the many enzymatic activities directly or indirectly involved in ROS generation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perturbation of cytochrome P450, generation of oxidative stress and induction of DNA damage in Cyprinus carpio exposed in situ to potable surface water

Sapone¹,

Gustavino²,

Monfrinotti³

et al. 2007

Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagene

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Epidemiological evidence suggests a link between consumption of chlorinated drinking water and various cancers. Chlorination of water rich in organic chemicals produces carcinogenic organochlorine by-products (OBPs) such as trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids. Since the discovery of the first OBP in the 1970s, there have been several investigations designed to determine the biological effects of single chemicals or small artificial OBP combinations. However, there is still insufficient information regarding the general biological response to these compounds, and further studies are still needed to evaluate their potential genotoxic effects. In the current study, we evaluated the effect of three drinking water disinfectants on the activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP)-linked metabolizing enzymes and on the generation of oxidative stress in the livers of male and female Cyprinus carpio fish (carp). The fish were exposed in situ for up 20 days to surface water obtained from the Trasmene lake in Italy. The water was treated with 1-2 mg/L of either sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) or chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ) as traditional disinfectants or with a relatively new disinfectant product, peracetic acid (PAA). Micronucleus (MN) frequencies in circulating erythrocytes from the fish were also analysed as a biomarker of genotoxic effect. In the CYP-linked enzyme assays, a significant induction (up to a 57-fold increase in the deethylation of ethoxyresorufin with PAA treatment) and a notable inactivation (up to almost a 90% loss in hydroxylation of p-nitrophenol with all disinfectants, and of testosterone 2␤-hydroxylation with NaClO) was observed in subcellular liver preparations from exposed fish. Using the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy radical-probe technique, we also observed that CYP-modulation was associated with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, we found a significant increase in MN frequency in circulating erythrocytes after 10 days of exposure of fish to water treated with ClO 2 , while a non-significant six-fold increase in MN frequency was observed with NaClO, but not with PAA. Our data suggest that the use of ClO 2 and NaClO to disinfect drinking water could generate harmful OBP mixtures that are able to perturb CYP-mediated reactions, generate oxidative stress and induce Abbreviations: NaClO, sodium hypochlorite; ClO 2 , chlorine dioxide; PAA, peracetic acid; CYP, cytochrome P450; MN, micronuclei; OBPs, organochlorine by-products; ROS, reactive oxygen species * Corresponding author. . Sapone et al. / Mutation Research 626 (2007) 143-154 genetic damage. These data may provide a mechanistic explanation for epidemiological studies linking consumption of chlorinated drinking water to increased risk of urinary, gastrointestinal and bladder cancers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perturbation of cytochrome P450, generation of oxidative stress and induction of DNA damage in Cyprinus carpio exposed in situ to potable surface water

Sapone¹,

Gustavino²,

Monfrinotti³

et al. 2007

Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagene

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“…For these reasons, the micronucleus test using fish erythrocytes is a promising assay for investigations in environmental mutagenesis (Al-Sabti and Metcalfe, 1995). Indeed, several studies have used the MN test to evaluate the exposure of fish to different pollutants under laboratory conditions (Manna et al, 1985;Das and Nanda, 1986;Al-Sabti et al, 1994;Odeigah and Osanyipeju, 1995;Belpaeme et al, 1996;Nepomuceno et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micronucleus frequencies in Astyanax bimaculatus (Characidae) treated with cyclophosphamide or vinblastine sulfate

Matsumoto

Cólus

2000

Genet. Mol. Biol.

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Two known mutagenic drugs, cyclophosphamide and vinblastine sulfate, were tested using the micronucleus test in the native fish species, Astyanax bimaculatus, in order to determine which of these drugs and the doses which would be the most adequate for use as positive controls in this species. This Brazilian fish species was chosen because few toxicity studies have used native fish species and this particular species is widely consumed in various regions of Brazil. Three thousand erythrocytes per specimen were scored. Doses of 16 and 8 mg/kg body weight of cyclophosphamide and vinblastine sulfate, respectively, were the most effective in causing micronuclei. Cyclophosphamide was the most mutagenic of the two drugs and is recommended for use as a positive control in A. bimaculatus.
Duas drogas reconhecidas como mutagênicas, ciclofosfamida e vimblastina sulfato, foram avaliadas usando o teste do micronúcleo em uma espécie de peixe nativa, Astyanax bimaculatus, para detectar que droga e quais doses são as mais adequadas para serem usadas como controles positivos para esta espécie. Esta espécie de peixe brasileira foi escolhida devido à escassez de estudos toxicológicos com espécies de peixes nativos e também porque ela é amplamente consumida em algumas regiões do Brasil. Um total de 3000 eritrócitos por espécimen foram contados. As doses de 16 e 8 mg/kg de peso corporal de ciclofosfamida e de vimblastina sulfato, respectivamente, foram as mais efetivas na indução de micronúcleos. A ciclofosfamida mostrou ser o melhor agente mutagênico para ser usado como um controle positivo para Astyanax bimaculatus

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“…The assay is well elaborated and allows to evaluate the genotoxicity of compounds at low concentrations and to assess doseresponse relationships of both DNA reactive and non-DNA reactive genotoxins (e.g. aneugens) (Al-Sabti et al, 1994;Palhares and Grisolia, 2002;Pacheco and Santos, 2002; Santos, 2002, 2003;Rodriguez-Cea et al, 2003;Teles et al, 2003) Micronuclei arise from chromosome fragments or whole chromosomes that lag at cell division due to lack of centromere, damage in centromere region, or defect in cytokinesis (Fenech, 2000). MN are small, secondary structures of chromatin, are surrounded by membranes, located in the cytoplasm and have no detectable link to the cell nucleus (Boller and Schmid, 1970;Heddle, 1973;Heddle et al, 1991;MacGregor, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in the offshore zones of the Baltic and the North Seas

Rybakovas

Baršienė

Lang

2009

Marine Environmental Research

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Please cite this article as: Rybakovas, A., Baršienė, J., Lang, T., Environmental genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in the offshore zones of the Baltic and North Seas, Marine Environmental Research (2009Research ( ), doi: 10.1016Research ( /j.marenvres. 2009 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT AbstractMicronuclei (MN), nuclear buds (NB) and fragmented-apoptotic cells (FA) were analyzed in mature peripheral blood and immature cephalic kidney erythrocytes of flounder (Platichthys flesus), dab (Limanda limanda) and cod (Gadus morhua) from 12 offshore sites in the Baltic Sea (479 specimens) and 11 sites in the North Sea (291 specimens), which were collected during three research vessel cruises in December 2002 and in September 2004. The highest levels of environmental genotoxicity (frequencies of MN up to 0.5 ‰, NB -up to 0.75 ‰) and cytotoxicity (FA -up to 0.53 ‰) were observed in flatfishes from areas close to oil and gas platforms in the North Sea and in zones related to the extensive shipping and potentially influenced by contamination from large European Rivers (Elbe, Vistula, Oder). In dab from the offshore zones of the North Sea, the levels of nuclear abnormalities were higher as compared to those in dab from the Baltic Sea. Responses in immature kidney erythrocytes were higher than in mature erythrocytes from peripheral blood. MN frequency lower than 0.05 ‰ (the Baltic Sea) and lower than 0.1 ‰ (the North Sea) could be suspected as a reference level in the peripheral blood erythrocytes of flatfish.Keywords: Genotoxicity; Cytotoxicity; Micronuclei; Nuclear abnormalities; Erythrocytes; Baltic Sea; North Sea. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 2 IntroductionSurrounded by European countries, the Baltic and the North Seas are constantly exposed to anthropogenic pressure. With pollution from land-based discharges, coastal industries, municipal outflows, agricultural activities, oil and gas industry (drilling and transportation) and transport activities, thousands of chemicals are entering the marine environment. A large proportion of these compounds are potentially toxic, genotoxic and carcinogenic to aquatic organisms (Jha, 2004(Jha, , 2008. The interaction of genotoxic contaminants with DNA causes various genetic disturbances, which often are irreversible and can be transmitted to the next generations (Depledge and Fossi, 1994;Dixon et al., 1999;Jha, 2004). The analysis of environmental genotoxicity provides early warning signs of adverse long-term effects of contamination. A number of biomarkers have been applied for assessment of environmental genotoxicity and the micronuclei (MN) test,...

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Chromium‐induced micronuclei in fish

Cited by 60 publications

References 16 publications

Perturbation of cytochrome P450, generation of oxidative stress and induction of DNA damage in Cyprinus carpio exposed in situ to potable surface water

Perturbation of cytochrome P450, generation of oxidative stress and induction of DNA damage in Cyprinus carpio exposed in situ to potable surface water

Micronucleus frequencies in Astyanax bimaculatus (Characidae) treated with cyclophosphamide or vinblastine sulfate

Environmental genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in the offshore zones of the Baltic and the North Seas

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