Chromium (IV) transfer to Amusium pleuronectes by LDPE microplastics: An experimental study

Dynamic Stomach Model–Capillary Electrophoresis–ICPMS for Evaluation of Release and Transformation Behaviors of Arsenic Species from Microplastics during Digestion

“…Over the past decade, there has been growing interest in understanding the fate of MPs and heavy metals during gastric digestion. The research community has investigated the digestion of MPs and their adsorbed contaminants in terrestrial and marine organisms using in vivo methods, but the difference of digestive tract structural and physiological characteristics of different animals determines the difference of nutrient digestion. − In addition, the conditions under which food is digested vary from person to person (large interindividual variability), such as gastric emptying (GE) time, gastric fluid (GF) secretion, amount of digestive enzymes, and pH in the stomach, making in vivo models unsuitable as a general approach for digestive studies. − As an alternative, static model (SM) simulations of the gastrointestinal tract with the features of fast speed, low labor-intensity, and few bioethical and logistical constraints have been used to assess the bioaccessibility of orally administered vanadium species [V­(IV) and V­(V)] and chromium- loaded MPs. , In this method, constant variables were used to mimic the human stomach to predict the digestive behavior, including the ratio of food to enzymes, electrolytes, and pH at each stage of digestion. However, due to their simplicity and inability to simulate the fluid mechanics and regional dynamics of human gastric digestion, these models are more suitable for specific applications such as screening or preliminary studies and the development of hypotheses.…”