Chromium

Langård, Sverre; Costa, Max

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-59453-2.00033-0

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…In general, chromium concentrations in air are at the levels of a few ng/m 3 in mountain and forest areas, and up to dozens of ng/m 3 in urban areas. The concentrations of Cr in PM 1 in Europe have been reported of less than 10 ng/m 3 [35,36], while in more polluted areas e.g., Algeria reach 30 ng/m 3 [37]. Significantly higher Cr concentrations were noted, for example, within the distance of 1 km from the metallurgical plant producing Cr (145-800 ng/m 3 ) [38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PM1 in Ambient and Indoor Air—Urban and Rural Areas in the Upper Silesian Region, Poland

Mainka¹,

Zajusz-Zubek²

2019

Atmosphere

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(1) Background: The work presents results of concentration measurements of PM1, collected in the indoor air of four preschool buildings in Gliwice and its environs (Silesia Province) and in ambient air in the vicinity of four working hard coal power plants and four coking plants located in southern Poland. (2) Methods: The samples of <1 µm, 1–2.5 µm, 2.5–10 µm, and >10 µm fractions were collected with the use of Dekati® PM10 cascade impactor, and concentrations of seven trace elements (Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, and Se) were determined. (3) Results: The concentrations of PM1 changed in the range of 3.1 μg/m3–65.3 μg/m3. Among trace elements, the highest concentrations in indoor air were evidenced for Cr (129–219 ng/m3), while in outdoor air for Pb (12.6–21.2 ng/m3). Principal Component Analysis PCA analysis extracted three factors of rural dusts, city dusts, and natural soils. (4) Conclusions: The paper points to accumulation of carcinogenic Cd, Cr, and Ni in indoor air, and significant contribution of trace elements in PM1, which, owing to long-lasting exposure and elevated sensitivity of developing organisms, may evoke effects on health of children.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PM1 in Ambient and Indoor Air—Urban and Rural Areas in the Upper Silesian Region, Poland

Mainka¹,

Zajusz-Zubek²

2019

Atmosphere

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“…An extensive review on the human and animal toxicity data and the nutritional biochemistry for chromium is available [92][93][94][95]. Cr enters the air, water, and soil as the Cr (III) and Cr (VI) form through natural processes and human activities.…”

Section: Journal Of Waste Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium Distribution and Spatial Variations in the Finer Sediment Grain Size Fraction and Unfractioned Surficial Sediments on Nyanza Gulf, of Lake Victoria (East Africa)

Mwamburi

2016

Journal of Waste Management

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Surficial sediments collected from the Nyanza Gulf of Lake Victoria (East Africa) were used to determine spatial concentrations of Cr and determine differences in contents of the unfractioned (whole sediment) and the finer grain size sediments, establishing any changes in Cr enrichment and potential ecological risks using sediment quality guidelines. A single pollution index was also used to evaluate level of Cr contamination. The spatial mean Cr contents in the <63 m (silt-clay) fraction were found to be significantly lower than those in the unfractioned sediments, but with a strong linear positive correlation. The study results show decreasing spatial amounts of Cr in surficial sediments of the Nyanza Gulf, when compared to a study done 20 years earlier. However, the 95% confidence limits of the overall mean Cr in unfractioned sediments exceed the threshold effect concentration (TEC), indicating the potential for Cr remobilization from sediments. In general the sediment enrichment is evidence of possible dominance of lithogenous sources of Cr in the surface lake sediments, with potential anthropogenic sources from the drainage system and nearshore urban areas. The sediments are unpolluted with respect to geoaccumulation index, and sediment enrichment factors suggest a minor to moderate enrichment of Cr in surficial sediments of three sites around the Nyanza Gulf zones and around the river mouth in the main lake.

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“…Cr (VI) compounds may cause skin ulceration, irritative dermatitis, ulcerations in mucous membranes, and perforations of the nasal septum. That inhalation of Cr +6 compounds may cause bronchial carcinomas has been well documented in humans (Langard and Norseth, 1979). Chromate producing industrial workers developed respiratory cancer after been exposed to 30 to 1,100 ug/m 3 Cr ( VI) in air for periods of 4 to 24 years, and workers producing chromate pigment reportedly developed respiratory cancer after been subjected to an estimated Cr +6 exposure of 500 to 1,500 ug/m 3 for 6 to 9 years (Post and Campbell, 1980).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Evaluation of the affinity of the components of blood and fur of albino rat for bioaccumulation of chromium (VI) ion following mild exposure

Omoniyi¹,

Ekwumemgbo²

2016

Bayero J. Pure App. Sci.

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The study investigates the affinity of chromium (VI) ion for the components of blood and fur of female albino rats after spaced dosing with 5 mL and 1 mL of 1.0 µg/mL K 2 Cr 2 O 7 solution intraperitoneally in May, 2012; for application in forensic analyses following industrial and environmental exposures. The level of total-Cr ions was determined in the serum, red blood cell, plasma and fur of the experimental female albino rats after dosing with 5 mL of 1.0 µg/mL K 2 Cr 2 O 7 solution intraperitoneally in day 1, and 1 mL of the same solution on day 8 of the experiment, using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. After two weeks of K 2 Cr 2 O 7 administration, 12.127 ± 0.726 μg/mL, 2.956 ± 0.003, 2.210 ± 0.002 and 4.090 ± 0.0078 μg/mL were the mean levels of ions in the serum, red blood cell (RBC), plasma and fur respectively. There was no significant weight increase in the experimental group compared to the control group during the dosing period; however, the experimental group showed passiveness, consumed less feed, but had more water intake compared to the control group. The ranking for the mean level of total-Cr ions in the experimental rat followed the ranking, serum > fur > red blood cell (RBC) > plasma; while the control had the ranking serum > fur > plasma > RBC. There was high statistical increase in the ions in the serum of the experimental rat compared to the control; likewise the level in the experimental fur was highly elevated compared to the control (P < 0.05). The total-Cr ions in the fur and serum were doubled due to the administration of K 2 Cr 2 O 7 solution to the rats. The findings of the study signaled that the fur and serum can equally serve as specimen for detection of mild exposure to Cr (VI) during forensic investigation.

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Chromium

Cited by 25 publications

References 158 publications

PM1 in Ambient and Indoor Air—Urban and Rural Areas in the Upper Silesian Region, Poland

PM1 in Ambient and Indoor Air—Urban and Rural Areas in the Upper Silesian Region, Poland

Chromium Distribution and Spatial Variations in the Finer Sediment Grain Size Fraction and Unfractioned Surficial Sediments on Nyanza Gulf, of Lake Victoria (East Africa)

Evaluation of the affinity of the components of blood and fur of albino rat for bioaccumulation of chromium (VI) ion following mild exposure

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