Chromium Release from New Stainless Steel, Recycled and Nickel-free Orthodontic Brackets

Sfondrini, Maria Francesca; Cacciafesta, Vittorio; Maffia, Elena; Massironi, Sarah; Scribante, Andrea; Alberti, Giancarla; Biesuz, Raffaela; Klersy, Catherine

doi:10.2319/042108-223.1

Cited by 61 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…25,26 In their in vitro research, Sfondrini et al proved that the highest amount of chromium is released from new steel brackets (0.52-1.083 μg/g), but less from recycled brackets (0.27-0.38 μg/g). 27 Some symptoms of allergy to nickel may appear in the oral cavity in patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances. The symptoms include inflammation of gums and tongue, gingival hypertrophy, erythema multiforme, exfoliation of the lip epithelium and metallic aftertaste in the mouth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace metal ions release from fixed orthodontic appliances and DNA damage in oral mucosa cells by in vivo studies: A literature review

Downarowicz¹,

Mikulewicz²

2017

Adv Clin Exp Med

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An overview of professional literature referring to the release of metal ions from fixed orthodontic appliances and their influence on oral mucosa in conditions of in vivo are presented, along with a detailed analysis of the exposure of the cells of cheek mucosa epithelium to metal ions. Electronic databases (PubMed, Elsevier, Ebsco) were searched with no language restrictions. The relevant orthodontic journals and reference lists were checked for all eligible studies. A total of 38 scientific articles were retrieved in the initial search. However, only 7 articles met the inclusion criteria. Statistically significant differences in the levels of the amount of nickel ions, cobalt ions and chromium ions were observed in cells of cheek mucosa. The most biocompatible material used in the production of fixed orthodontic appliances is titanium, and the least biocompatible material is steel, which releases the largest amount of nickel and chromium. Metal ions are released from fixed orthodontic appliances only in the first phase of treatment. It is recommended to conduct further, long-term research on a larger number of patients to define the influence of using fixed orthodontic appliances and biological effect they might have on tissues.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace metal ions release from fixed orthodontic appliances and DNA damage in oral mucosa cells by in vivo studies: A literature review

Downarowicz¹,

Mikulewicz²

2017

Adv Clin Exp Med

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“…Chromium release has been assessed both in vitro and in vivo. Sfondrini et al [1] found that chromium is released in higher quantities from new stainless steel brackets than from recycled ones and that release increased at ph 4.2 in their in vitro investigation. Matos de Souza and Macedo de Menezes [61] found that chromium and nickel ion concentrations increased ten minutes after placement of orthodontic appliances in the mouth in their in vivo investigation.…”

Section: Corrosion and Elemental Releasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stainless steel has many uses in orthodontics for the fabrication of brackets, archwires, bands, ligatures, among other appliances [1]. Stainless steel is an alloy composed of iron and carbon that contains chromium, nickel, and other elements that impart the property of resisting corrosion [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stainless Steel: Material Facts for the Orthodontic Practitioner

Santander

Ossa

2015

Rev. nac. odontol.

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Abstract. Stainless steel is one of the most widely used materials in current orthodontics. Archwires, brackets, bands, ligatures, tubes, among other appliances, are manufactured using different types of this alloy. The first evidence of the use of this alloy in the orthodontic field dates back to the mid-1920s, when it was introduced as a material to manufacture wires. The alloy has ever since gained popularity among orthodontists and its further development has led to its widespread use in today's different orthodontic techniques. Despite being available for more than 80 years, and the fact that most orthodontists use it on a daily basis, there is still a lack of knowledge about the basic principles, composition, and properties of this material by these professionals. Therefore, the purpose of this literature review is to discuss the main characteristics and properties of stainless steel that are useful in the orthodontic practice for orthodontists to take advantage of this remarkable material.Keywords: stainless steel, orthodontic wires, austenitic, orthodontic brackets. Resumen. El acero inoxidable es uno de los materiales más ampliamente utilizados en la ortodoncia actual. Los arcos de alambre, brackets, bandas, ligaduras, tubos, entre otros aparatos, se fabrican utilizando diferentes tipos de esta aleación. La primera evidencia del uso de esta aleación en el campo de la ortodoncia se remonta a mediados de la década de los veinte cuando se introdujo como un material para fabricar alambres. Desde ese entonces, esta aleación ha ganado popularidad entre los ortodoncistas y su desarrollo posterior ha llevado al uso extendido en las diferentes técnicas de ortodoncia de la actualidad. A pesar de haber estado disponible por más de ochenta años, y del hecho de que la mayoría de los ortodoncistas lo usan a diario, todavía existe un desconocimiento acerca de los principios básicos, la composición y las propiedades de este material por parte de estos profesionales. Por tanto, el objeto de esta revisión de la literatura es discutir las principales características y propiedades del acero inoxidable que son útiles en la práctica de la ortodoncia para que los ortodoncistas se beneficien de este notable material.Palabras clave: acero inoxidable, alambres de ortodoncia, austenítico, brackets de ortodoncia. Aço inoxidável: fatos significativos para o ortodontista praticanteResumo. O aço inoxidável é um dos materiais mais largamente empregados na ortodontia atual. Os arcos de arame, aparelhos, bandas, ligaduras, tubos, dentre outros aparelhos, são fabricados com diferentes tipos desta liga. A primeira evidencia do uso desta liga no campo da ortodontia remonta a meados da década dos vinte quando foi introduzido um material para fabricar arames. Desde essa altura, essa liga ganhou popularidade dentre os ortodontistas e seu desenvolvimento subsequente levou a ampliar seu uso nas diferentes técnicas de ortodontia da atualidade. Embora estivesse disponível por mais de 80 anos, e apesar do fato de que a maioria dos ortodontistas ut...

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“…Zinc and copper are released from stainless steel due to the electronic structure of such elements at the atomic level and the phase structure of the alloy [30]. Chromium is also released by this alloy [14,34]. Nickel, a known allergen, is released by nickel-titanium and stainless steel orthodontic alloys [35][36][37][38][39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 1 shows the chemical composition of commercially pure titanium and Ti6Al4V alloy. Stainless steel is an alloy that is commonly used in orthodontics for manufacturing brackets, wires, ligatures, bands, and other applications [3,14]. This alloy is composed of iron and carbon and contains smaller quantities of nickel, chromium, and other elements that impart the property of resisting corrosion [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coating and Surface Treatments on Orthodontic Metallic Materials

2012

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Metallic biomaterials have been extensively used in orthodontics throughout history. Gold, stainless steel, cobalt-chromium alloys, titanium and its alloys, among other metallic biomaterials, have been part of the orthodontic armamentarium since the twentieth century. Metals and alloys possess outstanding properties and offer numerous possibilities for the fabrication of orthodontic devices such as brackets, wires, bands, ligatures, among others. However, these materials have drawbacks that can present problems for the orthodontist. Poor friction control, allergic reactions, and metal ionic release are some of the most common disadvantages found when using metallic alloys for manufacturing orthodontic appliances. In order to overcome such weaknesses, research has been conducted aiming at different approaches, such as coatings and surface treatments, which have been developed to render these materials more suitable for orthodontic applications. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the coating and surface treatment methods performed on metallic biomaterials used in orthodontics.

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Chromium Release from New Stainless Steel, Recycled and Nickel-free Orthodontic Brackets

Abstract: The hypothesis is rejected, but the amount of chromium released in all test solutions was well below the daily dietary intake level.

Cited by 61 publications

References 19 publications

Trace metal ions release from fixed orthodontic appliances and DNA damage in oral mucosa cells by in vivo studies: A literature review

Trace metal ions release from fixed orthodontic appliances and DNA damage in oral mucosa cells by in vivo studies: A literature review

Stainless Steel: Material Facts for the Orthodontic Practitioner

Coating and Surface Treatments on Orthodontic Metallic Materials

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