Chromium Speciation Using an Aminated Amberlite XAD-4 Resin Column Combined with Microsample Injection-Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Abstract

Amberlite XAD-4 resin (AXAD-4) was chemically modified to an aminated Amberlite XAD-4 (AAXAD-4) resin and characterized by infrared spectroscopy. AAXAD-4 resin was used as an efficient solid phase for the preconcentration and speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) ions by column technique. The concentration of chromium species was determined by microsample injection system-flame atomic absorption spectrometer (MIS-FAAS). Selective retention of Cr(III) ions was achieved at pH 8.0 and eluted using 1.0 mL of 3.0 mol L-1 HCl and 1.0 mL of 2.0 mol L-1 NaOH, successively, at the flow rate of 5.0 mL min-1. The maximal sorption capacity of AAXAD-4 resin for Cr(III) ions was found to be 67.0 mg g-1. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) for Cr(III) ions were found to be 0.041 and 0.131 µg L-1 , respectively, with preconcentration factor (PF) of 375 and relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3.75% (n = 11). The method was validated using certified reference materials (CRMs) and successfully applied to the real samples, spiked with Cr(III) and Cr(VI) ions.

Polymeric Materials in Speciation Analysis Based on Solid-Phase Extraction

“…After method validation (CRM), it was successfully applied to the analysis of fish and mussel samples. Aminated Amberlite XAD-4 resin was used as an efficient sorbent for the preconcentration and speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) ions by column technique [ 43 ]. Selective retention of Cr(III) ions was achieved at pH 8.0 and eluted using 1.0 mL of 3.0 M HCl and 1.0 mL of 2.0 M NaOH, successively, at the flow rate of 5.0 mL/min.…”

Chromium speciation in water using magnetic polyaniline nanoparticles coupled with microsampling injection-flame atomic absorption spectroscopy

“…To date, chromatographic or nonchromatographic approaches coupled to element-selective atomic spectroscopic instruments have been used for chromium speciation [ 5 , 11 – 13 ]. Nonchromatographic techniques such as solid-phase extraction (SPE) [ 14 , 15 ], liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) [ 16 , 17 ], and cloud-point extraction (CPE) [ 18 , 19 ] are performed using simple instruments and offer the capacity to concentrate desired species. Additionally, these techniques are characterized by their simplicity, rapidity, cost-effectiveness, and ease of integration into any analytical chemistry laboratory.…”

Ultrasound-assisted dispersive micro-solid phase extraction using molybdenum disulfide supported on reduced graphene oxide for energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of chromium species in water

“…Their widespread use results from simplicity, relatively low costs, the ability to process large volume samples, fast and easy phase separation, minimized solvent consumption, possibility of obtaining high enrichment factors, easy coupling with different analytical techniques, and many existing adsorbents [ 3 ]. However, classical adsorbents, such as activated carbon [ 4 ], modified silica gel [ 5 ], chelating resins [ 6 , 7 ], and Amberlite XAD-4 resin series [ 8 , 9 ], have been gradually replaced by nanosized adsorbents due to their unique large surface area, high adsorption capacity, and chemical stability. For preconcentration of chromium species from environmental samples, various types of nanomaterials including oxidized multiwalled nanotubes (MWCNTs) [ 10 ], MWCNTs and graphene oxide (GO) modified with Aliquat 336 [ 11 , 12 ], MWCNTs modified with 3-(2-aminoethylamino) propyltrimethoxysilane (AAPTS-MWCNTs) [ 13 ], GO decorated with triethylenetetramine-modified magnetite (mf-GO) [ 14 ], GO functionalized with 3-(2-aminoethylamino) propyltrimethoxysilane (GO-1N) [ 15 ], and molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) [ 16 ] were used.…”