Chromium speciation using aqueous biphasic systems: Development and mechanistic aspects

Measurement and Correlation of Phase Equilibria in Aqueous Two-Phase Systems Containing Polyoxyethylene Cetyl Ether and Three Organic Salts at Different Temperatures

“…However, this approach fails in the potassium citrate. Although the Gibbs free energy of C 6 H 5 O 7 3− (ΔG hyd = 2793 kJ•mol −1 ) is more negative, it provided a two-phase region smaller than the PO 4 3− (ΔG hyd = 2765 kJ•mol −1 ). The unexpected behavior of citrate was already observed in other polymer−salt ATPSs.…”

“…As a new green separation/enrichment technology, the aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) has many advantages, for example, being easy to operate, timesaving, highly efficient, green, and environmental friendly. ATPE has been applied in fields ranging from the quantitative separation and extraction of metal ions − and the separation and purification of active biosubstance − to the extraction of natural products. − Currently, the aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) falls into four categories: polymer–salt ATPS, − two-polymer ATPS, , micromolecule alcohol–salt ATPS, , and ion liquid–salt ATPS. , The last three kinds of ATPSs are hard to convert from the laboratory prototype into mass production for the following reasons. First, the viscosity of the two-polymer system is high.…”

Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium Data of Macromolecule + Ammonium Thiosulfate + Water Ternary Systems at 283.2, 298.2, and 313.2 K

“…ATPS containing biodegradable macromolecule are nontoxic, non-flammable, and inexpensive and can be reused in the separation process, 1 making the technique both economically viable and environmentally acceptable. The outstanding characteristics of these ATPS allow their use to replace traditional liquid−liquid extraction employing toxic and/or volatile organic solvents 2 for the separation/purification of analytes of biological or industrial interest, including pharmaceuticals, 3 proteins, 4 dyes, 5 priority pollutants, 6 cocaine, 7 chemical speciation, 8,9 and metals. 10,11 Aiming to expand the applications of ATPS, new phase equilibrium data have been reported, in most cases for systems produced with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO).…”

Are molecular solvents, aqueous biphasic systems and deep eutectic solvents meaningful categories for liquid–liquid extraction?

“…First, aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) have been already envisioned for metal extraction more than twenty years ago [18][19][20][21] and interest in these systems is still very high [22][23][24][25]. In fact, ABS have been known for long as the first proof of concept for the extraction of biological molecules can be traced back in the 50's [26] but since the breakthrough of acidic-ABS which allow extraction of metals suffering hydrolysis [27], their use for metal extraction has 1 https://www.ic.gc.ca/opic-cipo/cpd/fra/brevet/2785001/ sommaire.html.…”