“…(1) [11]: (1) However, it is a common behavior that nanoparticles prepared using conventional methods would agglomerate rapidly in clusters [11] or react quickly with the surrounding media (e.g., dissolved oxygen or water) [12], resulting in considerably reduced or inhibited redox power and the mobility of the redox agent in soil. Several studies have been carried out in order to obtain stabilized ZVIn, and different stabilizing agents have been used to prevent agglomeration of ZVIn, including resin [13], Fe 3 O 4 particles [14], starch [15], carboxymethyl cellulose [16], and chitosan [17]. In this work, ZVIn were prepared using borohydride reduction method [18].…”