Chromomycose à Exophiala spinifera en Afrique sahélienne

Develoux, M.; Dieng, Mouhamed; Ndiaye, B.; Raphenon, G.; Lepers, J. P.

doi:10.1016/s0151-9638(06)70849-3

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The patients with mycetoma described in this series were young adults in general with an mean age of 38 years, which is in accordance with previous reports in Senegal and many other countries that have shown the higher frequency of mycetoma between 20 and 40 years of age [11,12,15,16]. However, 35.2% of our patients were more than 45 years old.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Patients were more frequently diagnosed with eumycetoma (47.2%) than actinomycetoma (37.8%) in our study. In contrast, previous studies in Senegal have reported a relatively higher prevalence of actinomycetoma in their series [11,16]. This discrepancy might be explained by a recruitment bias because most of these data originated from the Le Dantec hospital dermatology ward where actinomycetoma form are usually managed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

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Mycetoma epidemiology, diagnosis management, and outcome in three hospital centres in Senegal from 2008 to 2018

Sow¹,

Ndiaye

Sarr

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Mycetoma is a neglected tropical disease caused by various actinomycetes or fungi. The disease is characterized by the formation of tumor like-swellings and grains. Senegal is an endemic country where mycetoma cases are under-or misdiagnosed due to the lack of capacities and knowledge among health workers and the community; and where the management of eumycetoma, burdened by a high amputation rate, is currently inadequate. This study aimed to update data on the epidemiology of mycetoma cases diagnosed in three hospital centres in Senegal over a 10 years-period. A total of 193 patients, diagnosed from 2008 to 2018, were included in the study. The most frequent presentation was eumycetoma (47.2%); followed by actinomycetoma (36.8%); it remained undetermined in 16.1% of the patients. The mean age was 38.3 years (68.4% of the patients were between 15 and 45 years-old); the male: female ratio was a 2.94; and most were farmers. One hundred fifty-six (80.8%) patients had used phytotherapy before attending the hospital. Mycetoma was mainly located to the lower limbs (91.2%). Grains were observed in 85% of the patients; including white (25.6%) and yellow (4.3%) grains. The etiological diagnosis was complex, resulting in negative direct microscopy, culture and/or histopathology findings, which explains that 16.1% remained uncharacterized. In most of cases, actinomycetoma were treated with a combination of cotrimoxazole, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and streptomycin; whereas eumycetoma cases were treated with terbinafine. The surgery was done in 100 (51.8%) of the patients including 9 in actinomycetoma, 78 in eumycetoma and 13 in undetermined form. The high number of uncharacterized mycetoma in this study, the delay in attending a qualified health-care facility, and the lack of available adequate antifungal drug, point out the need to strengthen mycetoma management capacities in Senegal.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Mycetoma epidemiology, diagnosis management, and outcome in three hospital centres in Senegal from 2008 to 2018

Sow¹,

Ndiaye

Sarr

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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“…A total of 65 articles were selected between 1947 and 2018 describing 1,875 patients distributed between Madagascar (1,323 cases) [ 94 – 99 ], South Africa (156 cases) [ 100 – 106 ], Republic of the Congo and Democratic Republic of the Congo (121 cases) [ 107 – 115 ], Gabon (64 cases) [ 116 ], Zimbabwe (35 cases) [ 117 ], Uganda (34 cases) [ 118 ], Kenya (33 cases) [ 119 ], Cameroon (23 cases) [ 120 – 123 ], Morocco (18 cases) [ 124 – 132 ], Tanzania (17 cases) [ 133 , 134 ], Ethiopia (14 cases) [ 135 , 136 ], Angola (7 cases) [ 115 , 137 , 138 ], Nigeria (5 cases) [ 138 – 141 ], Tunisia (5 cases) [ 142 – 146 ], Reunion Island (5 cases) [ 147 – 149 ], Libya (4 cases) [ 150 – 153 ], Comoro Island (4 cases) [ 154 , 155 ], Sierra Leone (3 cases) [ 156 ], Senegal (2 cases) [ 157 , 158 ], Botswana (1 case) [ 159 ] and Djibouti (1 case) [ 160 ]. There are descriptions of CBM in Chad and the Ivory Coast.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The global burden of chromoblastomycosis

et al. 2021

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Background Chromoblastomycosis (CBM), represents one of the primary implantation mycoses caused by melanized fungi widely found in nature. It is characterized as a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) and mainly affects populations living in poverty with significant morbidity, including stigma and discrimination. Methods and findings In order to estimate the global burden of CBM, we retrospectively reviewed the published literature from 1914 to 2020. Over the 106-year period, a total of 7,740 patients with CBM were identified on all continents except Antarctica. Most of the cases were reported from South America (2,619 cases), followed by Africa (1,875 cases), Central America and Mexico (1,628 cases), Asia (1,390 cases), Oceania (168 cases), Europe (35 cases), and USA and Canada (25 cases). We described 4,022 (81.7%) male and 896 (18.3%) female patients, with the median age of 52.5 years. The average time between the onset of the first lesion and CBM diagnosis was 9.2 years (range between 1 month to 50 years). The main sites involved were the lower limbs (56.7%), followed by the upper limbs (19.9%), head and neck (2.9%), and trunk (2.4%). Itching and pain were reported by 21.5% and 11%, respectively. Malignant transformation was described in 22 cases. A total of 3,817 fungal isolates were cultured, being 3,089 (80.9%) Fonsecaea spp., 552 (14.5%) Cladophialophora spp., and 56 Phialophora spp. (1.5%). Conclusions and significance This review represents our current knowledge on the burden of CBM world-wide. The global incidence remains unclear and local epidemiological studies are required to improve these data, especially in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The recognition of CBM as NTD emphasizes the need for public health efforts to promote support for all local governments interested in developing specific policies and actions for preventing, diagnosing and assisting patients.

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“…In contrast, E. spinifera is rarely involved in infections limited to the skin. Some cases (Rajam et al, 1958 ; Barba-Gomez et al, 1992 ; Padhye et al, 1996 ; Develoux et al, 2006 ; Tomson et al, 2006 ; Srinivas et al, 2016 ) were reported as chromoblastomycosis, although typical muriform cells were mostly lacking. Fatal systemic infections are known; 36 cases have been recorded in English and Chinese literature (Rajam et al, 1958 ; Nishimura and Miyaji, 1983 ; Padhye et al, 1983 , 1984 ; Mirza et al, 1993 ; Campos-Takaki and Jardim, 1994 ; de Hoog et al, 1999 ; Rajendran et al, 2003 ; Negroni et al, 2004 ; Dutriaux et al, 2005 ; Baubion et al, 2008 ; Singal et al, 2008 ; Fothergill et al, 2009 ; Harris et al, 2009 ; Radhakrishnan et al, 2010 ; Li et al, 2011 ; Badali et al, 2012 ; Daboit et al, 2012 ; Lin et al, 2012 ; Bohelay et al, 2016 ; Silva et al, 2017 ; Table 2 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Ecology of Capsular Exophiala Species Causing Disseminated Infection in Humans

et al. 2017

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Exophiala spinifera and Exophiala dermatitidis (Fungi: Chaetothyriales) are black yeast agents potentially causing disseminated infection in apparently healthy humans. They are the only Exophiala species producing extracellular polysaccharides around yeast cells. In order to gain understanding of eventual differences in intrinsic virulence of the species, their clinical profiles were compared and found to be different, suggesting pathogenic strategies rather than coincidental opportunism. Ecologically relevant factors were compared in a model set of strains of both species, and significant differences were found in clinical and environmental preferences, but virulence, tested in Galleria mellonella larvae, yielded nearly identical results. Virulence factors, i.e., melanin, capsule and muriform cells responded in opposite direction under hydrogen peroxide and temperature stress and thus were inconsistent with their hypothesized role in survival of phagocytosis. On the basis of physiological profiles, possible natural habitats of both species were extrapolated, which proved to be environmental rather than animal-associated. Using comparative genomic analyses we found differences in gene content related to lipid metabolism, cell wall modification and polysaccharide capsule production. Despite the fact that both species cause disseminated infections in apparently healthy humans, it is concluded that they are opportunists rather than pathogens.

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Chromomycose à Exophiala spinifera en Afrique sahélienne

Cited by 15 publications

References 4 publications

Mycetoma epidemiology, diagnosis management, and outcome in three hospital centres in Senegal from 2008 to 2018

Mycetoma epidemiology, diagnosis management, and outcome in three hospital centres in Senegal from 2008 to 2018

The global burden of chromoblastomycosis

Comparative Ecology of Capsular Exophiala Species Causing Disseminated Infection in Humans

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