Chromosomal divergence and evolutionary inferences in Pentatomomorpha infraorder (Hemiptera, Heteroptera) based on the chromosomal location of ribosomal genes

Abstract

With the objective of assisting in the understanding of the chromosome evolution of Pentatomomorpha and in the quest to understand how the genome organizes/reorganizes for the chromosomal position of the 45S rDNA in this infraorder, we analyzed 15 species (it has being 12 never studied before by FISH) of Pentatomomorpha with the probe of 18S rDNA. The mapping of the 45S gene in the Coreidae family demonstrated that the species presented markings on the autosomes, with the exception of Acanthocephala parensis and Leptoglossus gonagra that showed markers on m-chromosomes. Most species of the Pentatomidae family showed marking in the autosomes, except for two species that had 45S rDNA on X sex chromosome (Odmalea sp. and Graphosoma lineatum) and two that showed marking on the X and Y sex chromosomes. Species of the Pyrrhocoridae family showed 18S rDNA markers in autosomes, X chromosome as well as in Neo X. The Largidae and Scutelleridae families were represented by only one species that showed marking on the X sex chromosome and on a pair of autosomes, respectively. Based on this, we characterized the arrangement of 45S DNAr in the chromosomes of 12 new species of Heteroptera and discussed the main evolutionary events related to the genomic reorganization of these species during the events of chromosome and karyotype evolution in Pentatomomorpha infraorder.

New cytogenetic data for three species of Pentatomidae (Heteroptera): Dichelops melacanthus (Dallas, 1851), Loxa viridis (Palisot de Beauvois, 1805), and Edessa collaris (Dallas, 1851)

“…This terminal location is highly conserved in the infraorder Pentatomomorpha, even in related species that exhibit wide variations in chromosome number; chromosome position of the 18S rDNA sites is commonly subterminal (Bardella et al 2013a). The species E. collaris showed two signals of hybridization in an autosomal bivalent, as previously reported by Souza-Firmino et al (2020).…”

“…Signals of 18S rDNA in a single bivalent were observed for all species of this study, and this pattern is commonly found in the species of the Pentatomidae Grozeva et al 2015). Most studies of the Pentatomidae report the presence of this cluster on an autosomal pair (Papeschi et al 2003;Bressa et al 2008Bressa et al , 2009Grozeva et al 2011Grozeva et al , 2015Bardella et al 2013aBardella et al , 2016aSouza-Firmino et al 2020).…”

Comparative analysis of chromosome numbers and sex chromosome systems in Paraneoptera (Insecta)

“…Over the past 15 years, several review papers devoted to individual higher taxa of true bugs have been published, namely, Cimicomorpha ( Kuznetsova et al 2011 ), Gerromorpha ( Fairbairn et al 2016 ), and Pentatomomorpha ( Souza-Firmino et al 2020 ). Besides, a great number of research papers have been published too (e.g.…”

High chromosomal mobility of rDNA clusters in holocentric chromosomes of Triatominae, vectors of Chagas disease (Hemiptera‐Reduviidae)

“…homeologous chromosomes between different species, it is most likely that the same autosomal pair is the carrier of the major rDNA clusters, being the ancestral condition in Triatomini (syntenic location of their rDNA arrays). The autosomal location is by far the most frequent location in other heteropteran families such as Tingidae, Coreidae, Pentatomidae and Pyrrhocoridae (Golub et al, 2018;Souza-Firmino et al, 2020). When rDNA loci appear on the Y chromosome, in general the hybridization signals are smaller than those that appear on the X chromosome, suggesting that the number of copies of rDNA arrays in the Y chromosome is lower than in the X chromosome (Fig.…”

“…The characterization of the number and distribution of rDNA genes using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) provides suitable landmarks for the construction of physical maps in comparative genomics. These maps have been used to trace evolutionary pathways in several insect groups (Brianti et al, 2009;Ferretti et al, 2019;Sproul et al, 2020;Menezes et al, 2021), including ones with holocentric chromosomes such as Lepidoptera, Odonata and Psocoptera (Golub et al, 2019;Kuznetsova et al, 2020;Provazníková et al, 2021) and several hemipteran groups (Manicardi et al, 2015;Anjos et al, 2018;Golub et al, 2018;Maryańska-Nadachowska et al, 2018;Souza-Firmino et al, 2020).…”