Chromosomal evolution in parrots, lorikeets and cockatoos (Aves: Psittaciformes)

Christidis, Leslie; Shaw, D. D.; Schodde, Richard

doi:10.1111/j.1601-5223.1991.tb00552.x

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…However, contrary to the previously reported diploid number (2n = 46) of A. roseicollis (Christidis et al, 1991), we consistently encountered two additional microchromosomes in all metaphases. The distinctive features of these parrot karyotypes are a low diploid number (2n = 48) in A. roseicollis , and a high number of microchromosomes in the karyotype of M. undulatus (2n = 62) and N. hollandicus (2n = 72).…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 54%

“…Light microscopic evaluation of Giemsa-stained metaphases of the three parrots is consistent with the data reported by previous authors (Van Dongen and De Boer, 1984;Christidis et al, 1991). However, contrary to the previously reported diploid number (2n = 46) of A. roseicollis (Christidis et al, 1991), we consistently encountered two additional microchromosomes in all metaphases.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 49%

“…Despite the few species studied, the data indicate that contrary to several other avian orders, in which very uniform karyotypes are found, the Psittaciformes exhibit rather heterogeneous karyotypes (Van Dongen and De Boer, 1984;Francisco and Galetti, 2001). There is a large variation in chromosome morphology and number (2n = 46 to 80) across the extant species (Christidis et al, 1991). The degree of variation is remarkably evident in A. roseicollis in which the number of macrochromosomes is very high (11 pairs) and the number of microchromosomes is very low (12 pairs).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Chromosome repatterning in three representative parrots (Psittaciformes) inferred from comparative chromosome painting

Nanda

Karl

Griffin

et al. 2007

Cytogenet Genome Res

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Parrots (order: Psittaciformes) are the most common captive birds and have attracted human fascination since ancient times because of their remarkable intelligence and ability to imitate human speech. However, their genome organization, evolution and genomic relation with other birds are poorly understood. Chromosome painting with DNA probes derived from the flow-sorted macrochromosomes (1–10) of chicken (Gallus gallus, GGA) has been used to identify and distinguish the homoeologous chromosomal segments in three species of parrots, i.e., Agapornis roseicollis (peach-faced lovebird); Nymphicus hollandicus (cockatiel) and Melopsittacus undulatus (budgerigar). The ten GGA macrochromosome paints unequivocally recognize 14 to 16 hybridizing regions delineating the conserved chromosomal segments for the respective chicken macrochromosomes in these representative parrot species. The cross-species chromosome painting results show that, unlike in many other avian karyotypes with high homology to chicken chromosomes, dramatic rearrangements of the macrochromosomes have occurred in parrot lineages. Among the larger GGA macrochromosomes (1–5), chromosomes 1 and 4 are conserved on two chromosomes in all three species. However, the hybridization pattern for GGA 4 in A. roseicollis and M. undulatus is in sharp contrast to the most common pattern known from hybridization of chicken macrochromosome 4 in other avian karyotypes. With the exception of A. roseicollis, chicken chromosomes 2, 3 and 5 hybridized either completely or partially to a single chromosome. In contrast, the smaller GGA macrochromosomes 6, 7 and 8 displayed a complex hybridization pattern: two or three of these macrochromosomes were found to be contiguously arranged on a single chromosome in all three parrot species. Overall, the study shows that translocations and fusions in conjunction with intragenomic rearrangements have played a major role in the karyotype evolution of parrots. Our inter-species chromosome painting results unequivocally illustrate the dynamic reshuffling of ancestral chromosomes among the karyotypes ofPsittaciformes.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 54%

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 49%

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confidence: 99%

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Chromosome repatterning in three representative parrots (Psittaciformes) inferred from comparative chromosome painting

Nanda

Karl

Griffin

et al. 2007

Cytogenet Genome Res

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“…In other parrots, the dyck texture makes the plumage blue or green, whereas the feathers of cockatoos are mostly black, white, or gray or occasionally pink. The karyotypic organization of cockatoos is also different from that other parrot groups (Christidis et al, 1991b). The monophyly of cockatoos has also been supported by isozyme (Adams et al, 1984), chromosomal (Van Dongen and De Boer, 1984), and protein data (Christidis et al, 1991a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Phylogenetic Relationships Within Parrots (Psittacidae) Inferred from Mitochondrial Cytochrome-bGene Sequences

et al. 2006

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Blood and tissue samples of 40 individuals including 27 parrot species (15 genera; 3 subfamilies) were collected in Indonesia. Their phylogenetic relationships were inferred from 907 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene, using the maximum-parsimony method, the maximum-likelihood method and the neighbor-joining method with Kimura two-parameter distance. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that (1) cockatoos (subfamily Cacatuinae) form a monophyletic sister group to other parrot groups; (2) within the genus Cacatua , C. goffini and C. sanguinea form a sister group to a clade containing other congeners; (3) subfamily Psittacinae emerged as paraphyletic, consisting of three clades, with a clade of Psittaculirostris grouping with subfamily Loriinae rather than with other Psittacinae; (4) lories and lorikeets (subfamily Loriinae) emerged as monophyletic, with Charmosyna placentis a basal sister group to other Loriinae, which comprised the subclades Lorius ; Trichoglossus + Eos ; and Chalcopsitta + Pseudeos .

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“…All continuous variables were log-transformed prior to calculating the contrasts. A composite phylogeny was assembled using Sibley and Ahlquist [1990] for inter-ordinal relationships and resolution within each order provided by additional references [Christidis et al, 1991;Kimball et al, 1999;Barker et al, 2004;Altshuler et al, 2004]. Because we reconstructed this tree from a variety of sources, we used an arbitrary branch length model that set all branch lengths = 1.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Morphology of the Avian Cerebellum: I. Degree of Foliation

Iwaniuk

Hurd²,

Wylie³

2006

Brain Behav Evol

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Despite the conservative circuitry of the cerebellum, there is considerable variation in the shape of the cerebellum among vertebrates. One aspect of cerebellar morphology that is of particular interest is the degree of folding, or foliation, of the cerebellum and its functional significance. Here, we present the first comprehensive analysis of variation in cerebellar foliation in birds with the aim of determining the effects that allometry, phylogeny and development have on species differences in the degree of cerebellar foliation. Using both conventional and phylogenetically based statistics, we assess the effects of these variables on cerebellar foliation among 91 species of birds. Overall, our results indicate that allometry exerts the strongest effect and accounts for more than half of the interspecific variation in cerebellar foliation. In addition, we detected a significant phylogenetic effect. A comparison among orders revealed that several groups, corvids, parrots and seabirds, have significantly more foliated cerebella than other groups, after accounting for allometric effects. Lastly, developmental mode was weakly correlated with relative cerebellar foliation, but incubation period and fledging age were not. From our analyses, we conclude that allometric and phylogenetic effects exert the strongest effects and developmental mode a weak effect on avian cerebellar foliation. The phylogenetic distribution of highly foliated cerebella also suggests that cognitive and/or behavioral differences play a role in the evolution of the cerebellum.

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Chromosomal evolution in parrots, lorikeets and cockatoos (Aves: Psittaciformes)

Cited by 19 publications

References 15 publications

Chromosome repatterning in three representative parrots (Psittaciformes) inferred from comparative chromosome painting

Chromosome repatterning in three representative parrots (Psittaciformes) inferred from comparative chromosome painting

Phylogenetic Relationships Within Parrots (Psittacidae) Inferred from Mitochondrial Cytochrome-bGene Sequences

Comparative Morphology of the Avian Cerebellum: I. Degree of Foliation

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