Chromosomal Gene Transfer in
            <i>Spiroplasma citri</i>

Barroso, Gérard; Labarère, Jacques

doi:10.1126/science.3261453

Cited by 40 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…and Spiroplasma spp., have been shown to conjugatively transfer DNA (25,73,182,183,225,258,272). Mycoplasma pulmonis and Spiroplasma citri can transfer chromosomal DNA markers, and some early evidence suggested FIG.…”

Section: Cell Wall-less Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…73,2009 BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY OF PROKARYOTIC T4SS 797 that bidirectional chromosomal transfer can occur during conjugation (25,182 (20,73,183,231,247). Interestingly, some M. fermentans ICEs lack homologs of known integrases, transposases, or recombinases, suggesting that a novel enzyme might be involved in the excision of these elements (43).…”

Section: Cell Wall-less Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological Diversity of Prokaryotic Type IV Secretion Systems

Martı́nez

Christie

2009

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

623

780

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SUMMARY Type IV secretion systems (T4SS) translocate DNA and protein substrates across prokaryotic cell envelopes generally by a mechanism requiring direct contact with a target cell. Three types of T4SS have been described: (i) conjugation systems, operationally defined as machines that translocate DNA substrates intercellularly by a contact-dependent process; (ii) effector translocator systems, functioning to deliver proteins or other macromolecules to eukaryotic target cells; and (iii) DNA release/uptake systems, which translocate DNA to or from the extracellular milieu. Studies of a few paradigmatic systems, notably the conjugation systems of plasmids F, R388, RP4, and pKM101 and the Agrobacterium tumefaciens VirB/VirD4 system, have supplied important insights into the structure, function, and mechanism of action of type IV secretion machines. Information on these systems is updated, with emphasis on recent exciting structural advances. An underappreciated feature of T4SS, most notably of the conjugation subfamily, is that they are widely distributed among many species of gram-negative and -positive bacteria, wall-less bacteria, and the Archaea. Conjugation-mediated lateral gene transfer has shaped the genomes of most if not all prokaryotes over evolutionary time and also contributed in the short term to the dissemination of antibiotic resistance and other virulence traits among medically important pathogens. How have these machines adapted to function across envelopes of distantly related microorganisms? A survey of T4SS functioning in phylogenetically diverse species highlights the biological complexity of these translocation systems and identifies common mechanistic themes as well as novel adaptations for specialized purposes relating to the modulation of the donor-target cell interaction.

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Section: Cell Wall-less Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cell Wall-less Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Diversity of Prokaryotic Type IV Secretion Systems

Martı́nez

Christie

2009

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

623

780

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“…Mycoplasmas therefore grow only in complex media, and this property has prevented the use of metabolic markers for genetic studies. Antibiotic resistance markers are rare in members of the class Mollicutes, and only recently have heavy-metal-resistant mutants been used in genetic studies (1). As a result, little is known about the chromosomal genetics of mycoplasmas.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic exchange of transposon and integrative plasmid markers in Mycoplasma pulmonis

1990

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Matings of genetically marked derivatives of Mycoplasma pulmonis resulted in the exchange of chromosomal DNA and the -ppearance-of-doubly marked transconjugants. Transposons Tn916 and Tn4001, and a series of integrative plasmids derived from their cloned antibiotic resistance genes, were used to construct antibioticresistant mycoplasmal derivatives to examine this phenomenon at the molecular level. Genetic exchange occurred on agar surfaces at frequencies ranging from 3.3 x 10-4 to 6.4 x 10-8 transconjugants per CFU.Examination of chromosomal DNA from transconjugants by hybridization revealed that the transposons or integrated plasmids were in the same chromosomal locations as in the parental strains, indicating that exchange involved the transfer of chromosomal DNA and homologous recombination. Transfer was not affected by DNase, polyethylene glycol, EDTA, or calcium chloride but was affected by treatment of either parent with trypsin. Mixing of mating strains before plating had no effect on mating frequencies, but mating did occur in liquid media. The ability to exchange chromosomal markers was limited to selected strains of M. pulmonis; mating did not occur with Acholeplasma laidlawii or M. gallisepticum. Heat and UV inactivation studies revealed that nonviable cells could act as donors in matings. The evidence presented supports a conijugationlike mechanism involving specific trypsin-sensitive membrane components.

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“…In fact, the chromosomic DNA exchange occurring during direct contact between mollicute cells (Barroso and Labarere 1988), and the spontaneous conjugal transfer of Tn916 between Enterococcus faecalis and M. hominis (Roberts and Kenny 1987) is probably due to the momentary fusion of cellular membranes in the contact region.…”

Section: Genetic Materials Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular biology of mycoplasmas: from the minimum cell concept to the artificial cell

Córdova¹,

Hoeltgebaum

Machado

et al. 2016

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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Mycoplasmas are a large group of bacteria, sorted into different genera in the Mollicutes class, whose main characteristic in common, besides the small genome, is the absence of cell wall. They are considered cellular and molecular biology study models. We present an updated review of the molecular biology of these model microorganisms and the development of replicative vectors for the transformation of mycoplasmas. Synthetic biology studies inspired by these pioneering works became possible and won the attention of the mainstream media. For the fi rst time, an artifi cial genome was synthesized (a minimal genome produced from consensus sequences obtained from mycoplasmas). For the fi rst time, a functional artifi cial cell has been constructed by introducing a genome completely synthesized within a cell envelope of a mycoplasma obtained by transformation techniques. Therefore, this article offers an updated insight to the state of the art of these peculiar organisms' molecular biology.

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Chromosomal Gene Transfer in Spiroplasma citri

Cited by 40 publications

References 11 publications

Biological Diversity of Prokaryotic Type IV Secretion Systems

Biological Diversity of Prokaryotic Type IV Secretion Systems

Genetic exchange of transposon and integrative plasmid markers in Mycoplasma pulmonis

Molecular biology of mycoplasmas: from the minimum cell concept to the artificial cell

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