Chromosomal localization of rDNA and DAPI bands in solanaceous medicinal plant Hyoscyamus niger L.

Lavania, U. C.; Kushwaha, Jyotsna Singh; Lavania, Seshu; Basu, Surochita

doi:10.1007/s12041-010-0071-5

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Yuan et al [7] propose for the section a base chromosome number x = 12 that is concordant with the well-supported taxonomic position of Hyascyameae within Solanoideae, which together with Nicotianoideae belong to the strongly supported monophyletic “x = 12” clade [49]. Accordingly, Anisodus , Atropanthe and Scopolia (2n = 48), Przewalskia (2n = 44), and Physochlaina (2n = 42) are considered as tetraploids, whereas Hyoscyamus possesses various chromosome numbers and ploidy levels [7, 50, 51]. In contrast, Tu et al [52] believe that the basic chromosome number in the section is 6 (x = 6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Evolutional dynamics of 45S and 5S ribosomal DNA in ancient allohexaploid Atropa belladonna

et al. 2017

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BackgroundPolyploid hybrids represent a rich natural resource to study molecular evolution of plant genes and genomes. Here, we applied a combination of karyological and molecular methods to investigate chromosomal structure, molecular organization and evolution of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) in nightshade, Atropa belladonna (fam. Solanaceae), one of the oldest known allohexaploids among flowering plants. Because of their abundance and specific molecular organization (evolutionarily conserved coding regions linked to variable intergenic spacers, IGS), 45S and 5S rDNA are widely used in plant taxonomic and evolutionary studies.ResultsMolecular cloning and nucleotide sequencing of A. belladonna 45S rDNA repeats revealed a general structure characteristic of other Solanaceae species, and a very high sequence similarity of two length variants, with the only difference in number of short IGS subrepeats. These results combined with the detection of three pairs of 45S rDNA loci on separate chromosomes, presumably inherited from both tetraploid and diploid ancestor species, example intensive sequence homogenization that led to substitution/elimination of rDNA repeats of one parent. Chromosome silver-staining revealed that only four out of six 45S rDNA sites are frequently transcriptionally active, demonstrating nucleolar dominance. For 5S rDNA, three size variants of repeats were detected, with the major class represented by repeats containing all functional IGS elements required for transcription, the intermediate size repeats containing partially deleted IGS sequences, and the short 5S repeats containing severe defects both in the IGS and coding sequences. While shorter variants demonstrate increased rate of based substitution, probably in their transition into pseudogenes, the functional 5S rDNA variants are nearly identical at the sequence level, pointing to their origin from a single parental species. Localization of the 5S rDNA genes on two chromosome pairs further supports uniparental inheritance from the tetraploid progenitor.ConclusionsThe obtained molecular, cytogenetic and phylogenetic data demonstrate complex evolutionary dynamics of rDNA loci in allohexaploid species of Atropa belladonna. The high level of sequence unification revealed in 45S and 5S rDNA loci of this ancient hybrid species have been seemingly achieved by different molecular mechanisms.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-017-0978-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Evolutional dynamics of 45S and 5S ribosomal DNA in ancient allohexaploid Atropa belladonna

et al. 2017

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“…Visual analysis showed that these patterns were specific to each chromosome pair though low intra- and inter-individual variability in presence and sizes (intensity) of DAPI-bands was also observed. Polymorphism on chromosome DAPI-banding patterns (AT-rich heterochromatin chromosome regions) is considered to be related to structural peculiarities of chromosomes [ 61 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agro-Morphological, Microanatomical and Molecular Cytogenetic Characterization of the Medicinal Plant Chelidonium majus L.

Samatadze

Yurkevich

Хазиева

et al. 2020

Plants

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Chelidonium majus L. is a medicinal plant well-known as a valuable source of isoquinoline alkaloids, which has a variety of pharmacological properties including anti-viral and anti-bacterial effects. However, considerable intraspecific bio-morphological variability in C. majus complicates raw material identification and verification. For the first time, we have brought into cultivation five populations of C. majus subsp. majus originated from different regions, and performed their agro-morphological, microanatomical and molecular cytogenetic characterization. All examined populations produced high seed (18.6–19.9 kg/ha) and raw material (0.84–1.08 t/ha) yields; total alkaloid contents were within 0.30–0.38%. Nevertheless, significant differences in plant morphology and yield-contributing traits were observed. The performed microanatomical analysis of leaves and flowers in double- and normal-flowered plants revealed micro-diagnostic features (including tissue topography, types of stomata, laticifers, structure of leaf mesophyll, hairs, sepals and petals) important for identification of C. majus raw materials. The analysis of chromosome morphology, DAPI-banding patterns, FISH mapping of 45S and 5S rDNA and also chromosome behavior in meiosis allowed us to identify for the first time all chromosomes in karyotypes and confirm relative genotype stability of the studied plants. Our findings indicate that the examined C. majus populations can be used in further breeding programs.

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“…DAPI-banding was shown to reveal AT-rich heterochromatic regions 46–48 . In plant species with small chromosomes, chromosome banding patterns are usually rather poor which makes it difficult to identify precisely each chromosome in a karyotype 49,50 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic and molecular cytogenetic variability in calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) cultivars and mutant lines obtained via chemical mutagenesis

Samatadze

Zoshchuk

Хазиева

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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The morphological, meiotic and chromosomal variability were studied in two cultivars of Calendula officinalis L. and their mutant lines obtained though chemical mutagenesis using diethyl sulphate (DES) (0.04%, 0.08%) and dimethyl sulphate (DMS) (0.025%, 0.05%). The studied cultivars displayed different sensitivity to DMS and DES mutagens. More M1 plants with morphological changes were observed in C . officinalis cv. ‘Zolotoe more’ than in cv. ‘Rajskij sad’. DMS and DES at low concentrations had positive effects on main agro-metrical traits in both cultivars including plant height, inflorescence diameter and number of inflorescences per plant. Dose-dependent increase in number of various meiotic abnormalities was revealed in both mutant lines. Comparative karyotype analysis and FISH-based visualization of 45S and 5S rDNA indicated a high level of karyotype stability in M1 and M2 plants. Seed treatments with DMS and DES at certain concentrations resulted in higher yields of inflorescences in M1 plants compared to the control. In M2 generation, dose-dependent reduction in the yields of inflorescences was observed. Our findings demonstrate that DMS and DES at low concentrations have great potential in calendula mutation breeding.

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Chromosomal localization of rDNA and DAPI bands in solanaceous medicinal plant Hyoscyamus niger L.

Cited by 15 publications

References 17 publications

Evolutional dynamics of 45S and 5S ribosomal DNA in ancient allohexaploid Atropa belladonna

Evolutional dynamics of 45S and 5S ribosomal DNA in ancient allohexaploid Atropa belladonna

Agro-Morphological, Microanatomical and Molecular Cytogenetic Characterization of the Medicinal Plant Chelidonium majus L.

Phenotypic and molecular cytogenetic variability in calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) cultivars and mutant lines obtained via chemical mutagenesis

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