Chromosomal loci of Neurospora crassa.

Perkins, David; Radford, Alan; Newmeyer, Dorothy; Björkman, M

doi:10.1128/mmbr.46.4.426-570.1982

Cited by 176 publications

(42 citation statements)

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“…A single cosmid clone, cJM1, was detected which complemented the ro-2 mutation and mapped to a region of chromosome III near the trp-1 locus using the restriction-fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) mapping procedure described by Metzenberg et al (1984). This was consistent with classical mapping data (Perkins et al, 1982;Metzenberg and Grotelueschen, 1993). Restriction digests with Sal I did not disrupt complementation, and a subcloned 4 kb Sal I fragment was then identified which restored both wildtype morphology and nuclear migration to the ro-2 transformants (Fig.…”

Section: Cloning the Ro-2 Genesupporting

confidence: 76%

A gene required for nuclear migration in Neurospora crassa codes for a protein with cysteine‐rich, LIM/RING‐like domains

Vierula

Mais

1997

Molecular Microbiology

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SummaryThe ro mutants of Neurospora crassa are defective in nuclear migration and hyphal morphogenesis. Several of the ro loci have recently been shown to encode components of the dynein/dynactin motor complex. Here we report on the cloning and characterization of the ro-2 gene which codes for a novel 80 kDa protein that has two Cys-rich motifs which resemble zinc-binding LIM or RING domains thought to mediate protein-protein interactions. RO2 also contains several potential binding sites for Src homology 3 (SH3) domains. The ro-2 B20 allele has a frameshift mutation within one of the Cys-rich domains which eliminates the C-terminal half of the open reading frame (ORF). Disruption of the ro-2 locus by repeat-induced point (RIP) mutation gave rise to progeny which have a nuclear migration defect, but which are also blocked in conidiation. The ability to assemble cytoplasmic microtubules and actin is maintained in ro-2 mutants, although subapical actin patches are more prominent. Based on these observations, the RO2 gene product is proposed to play a role in mediating interactions between components of the dynein/dynactin motor complex or in linking this complex to the nucleus or cytoskeleton.

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Section: Cloning the Ro-2 Genesupporting

confidence: 76%

A gene required for nuclear migration in Neurospora crassa codes for a protein with cysteine‐rich, LIM/RING‐like domains

Vierula

Mais

1997

Molecular Microbiology

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“…Romano, unpubiished), that the al-3 gene, uniike al-1, is essential for N. crassa viability, so that only the transformants that have escaped severe quelling can survive and be scored as pale orange or 'scrubby' phenotypes. In agreement with this interpretation is the fact that all the al-3 mutants, whether isolated by classical mutagenesis (Perkins et a/,,1982) or by in vivo mutagenesis (N. Romano, manuscript in preparation) always present a leaky phenotype. The recovery of al-3 leaky transformants, together with the fact that the albino transformants obtained with the al-1 gene display a variety of intermediate phenotypes indicate that the quelling phenomenon presents different degrees of intensity.…”

Section: Prequency and Intensity Of Quellingmentioning

confidence: 63%

Quelling: transient inactivation of gene expression in Neurospora crassa by transformation with homologous sequences

Romano

Macino

1992

Molecular Microbiology

709

427

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Up to 36% of Neurospora crassa transformants showing an albino phenotype were recovered by transforming a wild-type strain with different portions of the carotenogenic albino-3 (al-3) and albino-1 (al-1) genes. The presence of the exogenous sequences (which were randomly integrated in ectopic locations) provoked a severe impairment in the expression of the endogenous al-1 or al-3 genes. This phenomenon, which we have termed 'quelling', was found to be spontaneously and progressively reversible, leading to wild-type or intermediate phenotypes. The phenotypic reversion is characterized by a progressive release of the transcriptional inhibition and seems to correlate with a reduction of the number of the ectopic integrated sequences. Moreover, quelling appears to be monodirectional, as, once relieved, it cannot take place again, despite the continuing presence of some of the ectopic sequences in the genome.

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“…Xscocarp developmental mutants have also been described in heterothallic Ascomycetes. In Neurospora crassa both ' male ' mutants (unable to fertilize protoperithecia to produce viable ascospores) and 'female' mutants (blocked at various stages from ascogonial initiation onwards) have been identified (Perkins et al, 1982;Raju, 1992). These phenomena may or may not be linked Vigfusson & Weijer, I 972).…”

Section: Sexuai Morphogenesis In the Ascomycotina ( I ) Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Control of Sexual Morphogenesis in the Ascomycotina

1992

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Summary (1) A series of factors controls sexual morphogenesis in the Ascomycotina, a process involving the formation of novel structures such as ascocarps (fruit bodies) and asci (sacs containing spores) during sexual reproduction. (2) Environmental and genetic factors must be correct before Ascomycetes may sexually reproduce. Compatibility in many heterothallic species is under polygenic control, with the mating type loci and also other genetic factors determining the productivity of sexual crosses. (3) Classical genetic studies have shown that sexual morphogenesis involves the expression of a series of developmentally regulated genes, and this has been confirmed by recent molecular studies which have demonstrated changes in patterns of mRNA and protein synthesis during ascocarp formation. (4) Hyphal differentiation leading to the formation of mature fruit bodies occurs in response to a series of signals, which include various physical and chemical factors. (5) Chemical sex factors have been identified which are believed to have important regulatory or nutritional roles in sexual morphogenesis. These include the following. (a) Diffusible sex hormones which may regulate developmental switching between asexual and sexual modes of reproduction, including (i) pheromones involved with the induction of gametangia and gamete attraction, and (ii) sex morphogens involved with triggering particular stages of fruit body formation. (b) Sexual growth substances which are required as nutrients, and may be precursors for the production of sex hormones, or metabolites used in the synthesis of novel sexual structures. Most of these sex factors are lipids. (6) Certain sex morphogens and sexual growth substances have been shown to exhibit activity in a variety of fungal species, suggesting that fungi of related phylogenetic descent may utilize similar metabolites or signalling factors during sexual reproduction. (7) Phenoloxidase enzymes may catalyse hyphal aggregation in developing fruit bodies. (8) Initial stages of ascocarp development may occur independently of the events of the sexual cycle. However, a link(s) with the functional ascogenous hyphae is needed for the formation of morphologically mature ascocarps. (9) Suitable environmental conditions are sufficient to trigger sexual morphogenesis in homothallic Ascomycetes. However, an extra level of control is present in heterothallic species, with a compatible partner required to complete sexual reproduction. This may be partly because novel regulatory products, formed by the combined action of the mating type loci of different partners, are required for further ascocarp development. (10) Further research is required to identify more fungal chemical sex factors and to determine the role of environmental stress in controlling sexual morphogenesis, and how this may be related to temporal patterns in the expression of mating type genes.

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Chromosomal loci of Neurospora crassa.

Cited by 176 publications

References 0 publications

A gene required for nuclear migration in Neurospora crassa codes for a protein with cysteine‐rich, LIM/RING‐like domains

A gene required for nuclear migration in Neurospora crassa codes for a protein with cysteine‐rich, LIM/RING‐like domains

Quelling: transient inactivation of gene expression in Neurospora crassa by transformation with homologous sequences

The Control of Sexual Morphogenesis in the Ascomycotina

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