Chromosomal mapping of two loci affecting filarial worm susceptibility in Aedes aegypti

Severson, D. W.; Mori, Akio; Zhang, Y.; Christensen, Bruce M.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2583.1994.tb00153.x

Cited by 66 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…One of the primary goals of quantitative genetics is to estimate the extent to which variation in a trait (phenotypic variance, V P ) is conditioned by the environment (environmental variance, V E ) and genetics (genetic variance, V G ). The genetic variance is further partitioned into additive genetic variance (V A ) and dominance variance (V D ) to differentiate between alleles at a locus that act additively versus those that are dominant to other alleles.Given that vector competence is under polygenic control [15][16][17] and significantly influenced by environmental effects, vector competence is appropriately analyzed as a quantitative trait. One of the most measured quantitative genetic parameters is the narrow-sense or additive genetic heritability.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Quantitative genetics of vector competence for dengue-2 virus in Aedes aegypti.

Bosio

Beaty²,

Th³

1998

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

182

217

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Abstract. A quantitative genetic study of the ability of Aedes aegypti to propagate dengue-2 (DEN-2) virus in the midgut and in a disseminated infection in the head was conducted with a standard half-sib breeding design. Aedes aegypti aegypti and A. aegypti formosus differ markedly in oral susceptibility to DEN-2 virus. Mosquitoes were orally infected and, after an extrinsic incubation period of 14 days, virus titer (by tissue culture infectious dose, 50% endpoint) was determined in the midgut (MT) and head (HT). Body size as measured by wing length was not significantly different between infected and uninfected mosquitoes and was not correlated with MT or HT. The heritability for MT in both subspecies was 0.41 and was 0.39 for HT in A. aegypti formosus. In A. aegypti aegypti, HT appeared to be controlled by dominant alleles. The MT was not correlated with HT nor did MT determine whether virus disseminated out of the midgut. These results suggest that it is the barriers to infection and dissemination, independent of virus titer, that determine vector competence for DEN-2 virus.The four serotypes of dengue (DEN) virus are a major public health concern for many tropical regions, each year causing hundreds of thousands of cases of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever. 1,2 The primary vector of DEN viruses is the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Subspecies and strains of A. aegypti have been shown to vary phenotypically in their susceptibility to DEN viruses. 3 Aedes aegypti aegypti has a broad geographic distribution, and many studies have shown that it is a more competent vector of flaviviruses than A. aegypti formosus, which is distributed only in sylvan and rural areas of West Africa. 3,4 In a study of the vector competence of A. aegypti for yellow fever (YF) virus, patterns of susceptibility among different populations were correlated with genetic groupings identified by allozyme analysis, suggesting a genetic basis for this variation. 4 Similar phenotypic variation has been seen for DEN viruses in another important vector, A. albopictus. 5 When a mosquito takes a viremic blood meal, the virus encounters several barriers to infection. First, virus must establish an infection in the midgut by overcoming a midgut infection barrier (MIB). Following replication in midgut epithelium, virus must pass through a midgut escape barrier (MEB) and replicate in other tissues (disseminated infection). Finally, virus must infect the salivary glands and be shed in saliva to be transmitted to the next vertebrate host.The genetics of MIB, MEB, and disseminated infection in A. aegypti for DEN virus and other flaviviruses are not well understood. Genetic studies of vector competence to date have primarily used selection protocols to produce susceptible and resistant lines, followed by crossing these lines to analyze the phenotype in F 1 offspring and in some studies, monitoring of susceptibility in F 2 and backcross generations. Miller and Mitchell 6 selected lines of A. aegypti that were completely refractory or highly susceptible to...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that vector competence is under polygenic control [15][16][17] and significantly influenced by environmental effects, vector competence is appropriately analyzed as a quantitative trait. One of the most measured quantitative genetic parameters is the narrow-sense or additive genetic heritability.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative genetics of vector competence for dengue-2 virus in Aedes aegypti.

Bosio

Beaty²,

Th³

1998

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

182

217

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The first such study evaluated the genetic control of susceptibility of A. aegypti to infection with the human pathogen B. malayi (212). Results from crosses involving three separate populations revealed linkage associations between parasite susceptibility and cDNA markers at two loci.…”

Section: Genetic Basis Of Vector Competencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results from crosses involving three separate populations revealed linkage associations between parasite susceptibility and cDNA markers at two loci. Susceptibility seems to be controlled by a QTL on chromosome 1 (fsb [1,LF178]) that functions as a recessive allele (verifying the location and characteristics of f m ) and a QTL on chromosome 2 (fsb [2,LF98]) that exerts an effect on fsb [1,LF178] in an additive manner (212). Subsequently, QTL mapping of the susceptibility of A. aegypti to the avian malaria parasite P. gallinaceum revealed that, again, the dual action of two QTL influenced the phenotypic trait of parasite susceptibility (213).…”

Section: Genetic Basis Of Vector Competencementioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics of Mosquito Vector Competence

Beerntsen

James

Christensen

2000

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

345

278

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SUMMARY Mosquito-borne diseases are responsible for significant human morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Efforts to control mosquito-borne diseases have been impeded, in part, by the development of drug-resistant parasites, insecticide-resistant mosquitoes, and environmental concerns over the application of insecticides. Therefore, there is a need to develop novel disease control strategies that can complement or replace existing control methods. One such strategy is to generate pathogen-resistant mosquitoes from those that are susceptible. To this end, efforts have focused on isolating and characterizing genes that influence mosquito vector competence. It has been known for over 70 years that there is a genetic basis for the susceptibility of mosquitoes to parasites, but until the advent of powerful molecular biological tools and protocols, it was difficult to assess the interactions of pathogens with their host tissues within the mosquito at a molecular level. Moreover, it has been only recently that the molecular mechanisms responsible for pathogen destruction, such as melanotic encapsulation and immune peptide production, have been investigated. The molecular characterization of genes that influence vector competence is becoming routine, and with the development of the Sindbis virus transducing system, potential antipathogen genes now can be introduced into the mosquito and their effect on parasite development can be assessed in vivo. With the recent successes in the field of mosquito germ line transformation, it seems likely that the generation of a pathogen-resistant mosquito population from a susceptible population soon will become a reality.

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“…A physical map for Ae. aegypti corresponding to 13.3% of the genome was developed using FISH markers on mitotic chromosomes (Severson et al, 1993), genetic linked map (RFLP cDNA-based map) (Brown et al, 1995(Brown et al, , 2001Sharakhova et al, 2011), and QTL (Severson et al, 1994(Severson et al, , 1995Bosio, Fulton and Salasek, 2000;Gomez-Machorro, Bennett and Muñoz, 2004;Zhong et al, 2006). More recently, a more detailed physical map of the mosquito was constructed and a total of 624 Mb covered approximately 45% of the Ae.…”

Section: │ 3 Genetics Of the Mosquito Ae Aegypti Safety Assessmentomentioning

confidence: 99%

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2018

Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology

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This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of OECD member countries.This document, as well as any data and any map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.Please cite this publication as: OECD (2018) The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.Photo credits: Cover © Maks Ershov.Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found on line at: www.oecd.org/about/publishing/corrigenda.htm. © OECD 2018You can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgment of the source and copyright owner(s) is given. All requests for public or commercial use and translation rights should be submitted to rights@oecd.org. Requests for permission to photocopy portions of this material for public or commercial use shall be addressed directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) at info@copyright.com or the Centre francais d'exploitation du droit de copie (CFC) at contact@cfcopies.com. FOREWORD │ 3SAFETY ASSESSMENTOF TRANSGENIC ORGANISMSIN THE ENVIRONMENT, VOLUME 8 © OECD 2018 ForewordModern biotechnologies are applied to plants species (crops, flowers, trees), animals and micro-organisms. The safety of the resulting transgenic organisms when released in the environment for their use in agriculture, forestry, the food and feed industry or for other applications represents a challenging issue. Genetically engineered products are rigorously assessed by their developers during their elaboration, and by governments when ready for release, to ensure high safety standards. This remains essential with new biotechnology developments using insects to fight against disease outbreaks: engineered mosquitoes need to be evaluated through a scientifically sound approach to risk/safety assessment that will inform biosafety regulators and support the decision concerning the release of these novel organisms in the environment.The OECD offers a long-standing recognised expertise in biosafety and contributes to facilitating an harmonised approach. The OECD's Working Group on Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology (WG-HROB) was established in 1995. The WG-HROB gathers national authorities responsible for the environmental risk/safety assessment of products of modern biotechnology in OECD countries and other economies. International organisations and experts involved in biosafety activities are a...

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Chromosomal mapping of two loci affecting filarial worm susceptibility in Aedes aegypti

Cited by 66 publications

References 31 publications

Quantitative genetics of vector competence for dengue-2 virus in Aedes aegypti.

Quantitative genetics of vector competence for dengue-2 virus in Aedes aegypti.

Genetics of Mosquito Vector Competence

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