Chromosomal Organization and Transcriptional Regulation of Human GEM and Localization of the Human and Mouse GEM Loci Encoding an Inducible Ras-Like Protein

Santoro, Thomas J.; Maguire, Jean E.; McBride, O W; Avraham, Karen B.; Copeland, Neal G.; Jenkins, Nancy A.; Kelly, K. A.

doi:10.1006/geno.1995.1277

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Possible candidate genes for Ksc2 include Lyn, a member of the Src subfamily encoding protein tyrosine kinase and expressed in skin (Hibbs et al, 1995), and Mos, a post-transcriptionally regulated gene expressed during oocyte growth and maturation (Newman and Dai, 1996). Finally the mitogen-induced gene, Gem, encodes a GTP-binding protein that belongs to a new family within the Ras superfamily (Santoro et al, 1995); the regulated expression pattern of Gem suggests a role for this protein in cellular responses to growth stimulation and may be a candidate gene for the Ksc2 locus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Independent Inheritance of Genes Regulating Two Subpopulations of Mouse Clonogenic Keratinocyte Stem Cells

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Suleimanian

Stepanova

et al. 2004

Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings

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Mouse keratinocyte stem cells originate from the bulge of hair follicle, and, according to definition, possess a clonogenic activity in vitro. We have investigated seven inbred (C57BL/6, C3H, DBA/2, BALB/c, FVB) and outbred (SENCAR, CD-1) mouse strains and found that three genetically distinct subsets of mouse strains differ significantly in the frequency of clonogenic activity in vitro. The analysis of keratinocyte colonies in two reciprocal backcross [C57BL/6 x (BALB/c x C57BL/6); BALB/c x (BALB/c x C57BL/6)] and intercross [(BALB/c x C57BL/ 6)F2] of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice allowed us to identify two subpopulations of clonogenic keratinocytes able to produce small (less than 2 mm2) and large (more than 2 mm2) colonies. We conducted linkage analysis and found that small colonies associated with mouse chromosomes 1, 6, 7, 8, and 9; but large colonies--with the chromosome 4. We defined locus on the chromosome 9 that associated with small colonies as keratinocyte stem cell locus 1 (Ksc1), and locus on the mouse chromosome 4 associated with large colonies-keratinocyte stem cell locus 2 (Ksc2). Ksc1 and loci on chromosomes 6 and 7 are close if not equal to loci associated with sensitivity to skin carcinogenesis. We conclude that two subpopulations of stem cells able to produce small and large colonies regulated by different genes and genes regulating small colonies might be responsible for sensitivity to skin carcinogenesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Independent Inheritance of Genes Regulating Two Subpopulations of Mouse Clonogenic Keratinocyte Stem Cells

Попова

Suleimanian

Stepanova

et al. 2004

Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings

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“…For example, β-estradiol (E 2 ) has been shown to up-regulate the Ha-Ras gene in breast cancer cells [3], and the promoter region of the mouse Ha-Ras gene appears to be glucocorticoid responsive [4]. Expression of several Rad subfamily members (Gem, Rad, Kir) has been shown to be affected by various treatments [5, 6, 7, 8]. In addition, expression of a newly discovered Rad subfamily member Rem was repressed by lipopolysaccharide treatment in mice [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of <i>Dexras1</i> Expression by Endogenous Steroids

2001

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Dexras1, a newly identified member of the Ras superfamily of proteins, was discovered in AtT-20 corticotrope cells because its expression was induced in response to glucocorticoids (dexamethasone; Dex). As yet, the function of Dexras1 is unknown, but its rapid induction in response to glucocorticoids suggests the possibility that it may be involved in negative feedback regulation of corticotropin secretion. To better understand the control of Dexras1 expression, possible effects of other steroid hormones on its expression were studied in both AtT-20 cells and in mouse pituitaries. AtT-20 cells were treated with each of 6 steroids [aldosterone, corticosterone (Cort), Dex, β-estradiol (E₂), progesterone and testosterone] for 2 h. Dexras1 expression was assessed using both reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Northern analysis. Expression of the gene was only induced in response to glucocorticoid treatment (Dex or Cort). The 6 steroids were also injected into mice, pituitaries were harvested and total RNA was obtained for RT-PCR analysis. Surprisingly, treatment with E₂, not only injection of glucocorticoids, induced Dexras1 expression in mouse pituitary. Other steroids were without effect. The results suggest that in AtT-20 corticotropes, Dexras1 expression is only induced by glucocorticoid-type steroids. In pituitary glands of mice, the gene’s expression is also responsive to E₂. We conclude that either Dexras1 expression in corticotropes from normal mice is regulated differently from that in AtT-20 cells, or that Dexras1 is also expressed in other pituitary cells than corticotropes.

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“…Gem, referred to as a mitogen-induced gene, encodes a GTPbinding protein that belongs to RGK within the Ras superfamily [17,19]. Several tumor suppressor-like functions of Gem contribute to the correlation between Gem expression and survival of HCC patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Gem as a new candidate prognostic marker in hepatocellular carcinoma

Huang

Xia

Yang

et al. 2014

Pathology - Research and Practice

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Chromosomal Organization and Transcriptional Regulation of Human GEM and Localization of the Human and Mouse GEM Loci Encoding an Inducible Ras-Like Protein

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Independent Inheritance of Genes Regulating Two Subpopulations of Mouse Clonogenic Keratinocyte Stem Cells

Independent Inheritance of Genes Regulating Two Subpopulations of Mouse Clonogenic Keratinocyte Stem Cells

Regulation of <i>Dexras1</i> Expression by Endogenous Steroids

Identification of Gem as a new candidate prognostic marker in hepatocellular carcinoma

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