Chromosomal structure of populations of Scilla autumnalis in the Iberian Peninsula

Abstract

Four cytological races of Scilla aututn.na/is, Liliaceae, were found in a study of 31 populations from Spain and Portugal. Two are diploids with 2n 14, designated AA and B7B7, which differ by 70 per cent in DNA content, one is an allotetraploid AAB7B7 and one an autotetraploid of the B7 genome. Races AA and AAB7B7 are Iberian endemics, B7B' is widespread throughout the Mediterranean, while the autotetraploid is the common European race. In Iberia, the races are parapatric and distribution is not related to climatic conditions. The populations are chromosomally heterogeneous. Polymorphisms include B-chromosomes (five types) and supernumerary segments. Large euchromatic segments occur on the homoeologues Al and Bi in both diploids and the allotetraploid, converting these acrocentrics to metacentrics. A wide spectrum of non-polymorphic numerical and structural variants was also found. The chromosomal structure of this species complex is discussed.polyploid complex, population structure, super-

Geographical distribution of cytotypes and genomic structures in natural populations of theScilla scilloides complex in Korea

“…In S. autumnalis, NOR was also not detected in the atlotetraploid AAB7B7 cytotype (Parker et al, 1991;Vaughan et al, 1993). Various cytotypes in S. autumnalis have been also reported in the natural populations (Hong, 1982;Parker et al, 1991 ).…”

“…Among 10 cytotypes of S. scilloides, AABB plants had the most diversity with respect to number and composition of B-chromosomes. Polymorphic B~ chromosomes were also reported in other plants: four types of Allium schoenoprasum (Bougoured and Parker, 1975) and three types of S. auturnnalis (Parker et al, 1991). The largest number of B-chromosomes was 2n = 34+31f in an AABB plant (Fig.…”

“…It was suggested that NOR in the A genome was suppressed in AABB plants by the strong NOR activity of the B genome (Sato, 1940(Sato, , 1941. In S. autumnalis, NOR was also not detected in the atlotetraploid AAB7B7 cytotype (Parker et al, 1991;Vaughan et al, 1993). Various cytotypes in S. autumnalis have been also reported in the natural populations (Hong, 1982;Parker et al, 1991 ).…”

Chromosomal diversification and karyotype evolution of diploids in the cytologically diverse genus Prospero(Hyacinthaceae)

“…The two x  = 7 diploid cytotypes are referred to as AA and B 7 B 7 , with AA found only in countries bordering the Atlantic Ocean in Iberia and North Africa and B 7 B 7 occupying the countries around the Mediterranean Basin and on its islands; they overlap only in Spain [25]. The karyotype morphologies of AA and B 7 B 7 are very similar, but differ significantly in chromosome size and DNA amount, and, more trivially, in the location of the single NOR within chromosome 3 [25,26,34].…”

Phenolic Composition, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Prospero autumnale

“…Eight hundred and sixteen geophyte species belonging to 73 genera have been registered in Flora of Turkey [2] . Scilla autumnalis L. is a synonym of Prospero autumnale (L.) Speta, an autumnal flowering plant of the family Asparagaceae, is found in the Mediterranean region from Portugal to Turkey and the Caucasus [3] .…”