Chromosomal synthesis of staphylococcal exfoliative toxin

Keyhani, Massoud; Rogolsky, Marvin; Wiley, Bill B.; Glasgow, Lowell A.

doi:10.1128/iai.12.1.193-197.1975

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Later it was shown that tox-substrains produced by curing naturally occurring tox+ strains could produce traces of toxin. ET was detected in these strains when their culture filtrates were concentrated 20-fold before injection into suckling mice (11). This observation suggested the possibility that a small amount of ET is coded for by chromosomal genes in these strains, or that they retained subdetectable amounts of plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid that could function in the production of small amounts of ET.…”

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confidence: 92%

Molecular and Serological Differentiation of Staphylococcal Exfoliative Toxin Synthesized Under Chromosomal and Plasmid Control

Wiley

Rogolsky

1977

Infect Immun

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Evidence for the existence of two molecular species of exfoliative toxin (ET) synthesized by phage group II Staphylococcus aureus under chromosomal and plasmid control is presented. Serological evidence that these molecular species of toxin are distinct from each other is given. The plasmid-controlled toxin was synthesized along with the chromosomally controlled toxin by the group II UT0002 strain, whereas another group II strain, UT0007, synthesized only the plasmid-controlled toxin. The molecular weight of the plasmid-controlled toxin was slightly less than that of the chromosomally controlled type and could be separated from the latter on 12.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide slab gels. On 7.5% SDS-polyacrylamide cylindrical gels there was no hint of heterogeneity, and both ETs migrated together as a single homogeneous band. The existence of two serotypes of ET among phage group II strains complicates interpretation of previous work in this field and makes necessary the preparation of two different antigens for radioimmunobinding assays. Discovery of these ET serotypes provided an explanation for previously reported low binding by rabbit hyperimmune serum (B. Wiley, L. Glasgow, and M. Rogolsky, Infect. Immun. 13:513-520, 1976) in the radioimmunobinding test. A molecular species of ET differing from each of the other two serotypes was isolated from cultures of a phage group III S. aureus. This ET produced scalding in suckling mice and was lower in molecular weight than the ET produced under plasmid control by group II strains. Preliminary serological studies indicated that the ET in the group III strain is closely related to or possibly identical to the group II toxin produced under plasmid control.

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confidence: 92%

Molecular and Serological Differentiation of Staphylococcal Exfoliative Toxin Synthesized Under Chromosomal and Plasmid Control

Wiley

Rogolsky

1977

Infect Immun

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“…Several studies have shown that elimination of plasmids by treating ETB-producing strains with EtBr (5,16,21), SDS (5,16,21) or heat (5,16,21) converts them to non-ETB-producers. Johnson et al (4) observed that the S. aureus strains tested had been identified earlier as ETA-and ETB-producing strains immunologically, although neither the etb gene nor ETB toxin could be demonstrated in these isolates using their tests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Identification by Polymerase Chain Reaction of Staphylococcal Exfoliative Toxin Serotype A and B Genes

Sakurai

Suzuki

Machida

1995

Microbiology and Immunology

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A new system was designed to detect staphylococcal exfoliative toxin A (ETA) and B (ETB) genes by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The primer pairs for the ETA gene (eta) were 20 and 20-mer, and its PCR product was a 741-bp eta fragment, while the primer pairs for the ETB gene (etb) were also 20 and 20-mer, and its PCR product was a 629-bp etb fragment. When these primers were simultaneously used in the PCR, the two types of ET were clearly detected as two bands in an ETA and ETB double-producer using only one colony within 3 hr. We examined 66 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients with staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) and compared the results obtained by ELISA and PCR. The same results were obtained for 56 of the strains, i.e., 30 strains were ETA producers, 20 strains were ETB producers, and 6 strains were double-producers. However, positive results were obtained for 5 of the 10 non-ET-producing strains. Two of these strains were judged by PCR as ETA producers and three as ETB producers. Thus, PCR is very sensitive and rapid in detecting ETA and ETB gene fragments in colonies isolated from patients with SSSS.

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“…These strains, when cured, manifest significant decreases in exfoliatin production, but some residual toxin production can usually be demonstrated. Keyhani et al (5) have suggested that toxin production may be under both chromosomal and extrachromosomal control. The greatest relative reduction in exfoliatin production after plasmid elimination seems to occur with parent strains that are not "good" toxin producers (M. Rogolsky, personal communication), as exemplified by UT-0003 and UT-0003-4.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subcutaneous multiplication of exfoliatin-producing staphylococci

Kapral¹

1976

Infect Immun

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After subcutaneous inoculation of approximately 10(6) cocci, changes in staphylococcal populations were followed by the enumeration of organisms in excised tissues. In contrast to conventionaal Staphylococcus aureus strains, exfoliatin-producing strains were able to multiply in the subcutaneous tissues of neonatal and adult mice. Although strains capable of producing large quantities of exfoliatin were better able to proliferate than strains producing lesser amounts of toxin, it was not determined whether exfoliatin was directly responsible for the observed multiplication. Two variants exhibiting a partial loss in exfoliatin production showed minor changes in proliferative capability. A third strain, after being cured of its exfoliatin plasmid, manifested a marked reduction in exfoliatin production and was unable to multiply subcutaneously. With some strains multiplication proceeded for several hours but was then followed by a decline in the number of viable organisms. Histological sections of subcutaneous lesions revealed a rapid influx of neutrophils, but leukocytes accumulated in the region regardless of whether the organisms multiplied or were eliminated.

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Chromosomal synthesis of staphylococcal exfoliative toxin

Cited by 17 publications

References 13 publications

Molecular and Serological Differentiation of Staphylococcal Exfoliative Toxin Synthesized Under Chromosomal and Plasmid Control

Molecular and Serological Differentiation of Staphylococcal Exfoliative Toxin Synthesized Under Chromosomal and Plasmid Control

Rapid Identification by Polymerase Chain Reaction of Staphylococcal Exfoliative Toxin Serotype A and B Genes

Subcutaneous multiplication of exfoliatin-producing staphylococci

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