Chromosomal variability in the genus Primula (Primulaceae)

Abou-El-Enain, Maged Mahmoud

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2006.00464.x

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Multiple pollinators have increased the opportunity of Primula outcrossing. Polyploidization has been detected in Primula, suggesting there was different ploidy in or between sections [84]. Furthermore, polyploidization has also caused non-monophyletic species in the genus Aconitum [85][86][87].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Complete Chloroplast Genomes of Primula obconica Provide Insight That Neither Species nor Natural Section Represent Monophyletic Taxa in Primula (Primulaceae)

2022

Genes

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The genus Primula (Primulaceae) comprises more than 500 species, with 300 species distributed in China. The contradictory results between systematic analyses and morphology-based taxonomy make taxonomy studies difficult. Furthermore, frequent introgression between closely related species of Primula can result in non-monophyletic species. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of sixteen Primula obconica subsp. obconica individuals were assembled and compared with 84 accessions of 74 species from 21 sections of the 24 sections of the genus in China. The plastome sizes of P. obconica subsp. obconica range from 153,584 bp to 154,028 bp. Genome-wide variations were detected, and 1915 high-quality SNPs and 346 InDels were found. Most SNPs were detected in downstream and upstream gene regions (45.549% and 41.91%). Two cultivated accessions, ZP1 and ZP2, were abundant with SSRs. Moreover, 12 SSRs shared by 9 accessions showed variations that may be used as molecular markers for population genetic studies. The phylogenetic tree showed that P. subsp. obconica cluster into two independent clades. Two subspecies have highly recognizable morphological characteristics, isolated geographical distribution areas, and distinct phylogenetic relationships compared with P. obconica subsp. obconica. We elevate the two subspecies of P. obconica to separate species. Our phylogenetic tree is largely inconsistent with morphology-based taxonomy. Twenty-one sections of Primula were mainly divided into three clades. The monophyly of Sect. Auganthus, Sect. Minutissimae, Sect. Sikkimensis, Sect. Petiolares, and Sect. Ranunculoides are well supported in the phylogenetic tree. The Sect. Obconicolisteri, Sect. Monocarpicae, Sect. Carolinella, Sect. Cortusoides, Sect. Aleuritia, Sect. Denticulata, Sect. Proliferae Pax, and Sect. Crystallophlomis are not a monophyletic group. The possible explanations for non-monophyly may be hybridization, polyploidization, recent introgression, incorrect taxonomy, or chloroplast capture. Multiple genomic data and population genetic studies are therefore needed to reveal the evolutionary history of Primula. Our results provided valuable information for intraspecific variation and phylogenetic relationships within Primula.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Complete Chloroplast Genomes of Primula obconica Provide Insight That Neither Species nor Natural Section Represent Monophyletic Taxa in Primula (Primulaceae)

2022

Genes

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“…Aleuritia [ 23 , 26 - 28 ] and Primula sect. Auricula [ 25 , 29 - 32 ]. The latter section includes P. marginata Curtis, endemic to the south-western Alps [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyploid evolution and Pleistocene glacial cycles: A case study from the alpine primrose Primula marginata (Primulaceae)

et al. 2012

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BackgroundRecent studies highlighted the role of Pleistocene climatic cycles in polyploid speciation and of southern Alpine refugia as reservoirs of diversity during glacial maxima. The polyploid Primula marginata, endemic to the southwestern Alps, includes both hexaploid and dodecaploid cytotypes that show no ecological or morphological differences. We used flow cytometry to determine variation and geographic distribution of cytotypes within and between populations and analyses of chloroplast (cp) and nuclear ribosomal (nr) DNA sequences from the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region to infer the evolutionary history of the two cytotypes and the auto- vs. allopolyploid origin of dodecaploid populations.ResultsWe did not detect any intermediate cytotypes or variation of ploidy levels within populations. Hexaploids occur in the western and dodecaploids in the eastern part of the distributional range, respectively. The cpDNA and nrDNA topologies are in conflict, for the former supports shared ancestry between P. marginata and P. latifolia, while the latter implies common origins between at least some ITS clones of P. marginata and P. allionii.ConclusionsOur results suggest an initial episode of chloroplast capture involving ancestral lineages of P. latifolia and P. marginata, followed by polyploidization between P. marginata-like and P. allionii-like lineages in a southern refugium of the Maritime Alps. The higher proportion of ITS polymorphisms in dodecaploid than in hexaploid accessions of P. marginata and higher total nucleotide diversity of ITS clones in dodecaploid vs. hexaploid individuals sequences are congruent with the allopolyploid hypothesis of dodecaploid origin.

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“…Previous studies regarding the chromosome number in Primulaceae (s. APG 2016) are available for some genera, as: Cyclamen Linnaeus, 1753 (Bennett and Grimshaw 1991, Ishizaka 2003), Anagallis Linnaeus, 1753 (Aguilera et al 2011, Bennett and Leitch 2012), Lysimachia Linnaeus, 1753 (Baltisberger and Kocyan 2010, Bennett and Leitch 2012, Chalup and Seijo 2013), Androsace Linnaeus, 1753 (Chepinoga et al 2009), Elingamita Baylis, 1951 (Dawson 1995), Trientalis Linnaeus, 1753 (Vickery and Miller 2008), Ardisia Swartz, 1788 (Koyama and Kokubugata 1998), Primula Linnaeus, 1753 (Abou-El-Enain 2006, Casazza et al 2012, Theodoridis et al 2013), and Dodecatheon Linnaeus, 1753 (Oberle et al 2012), and Myrsine Linnaeus, 1753 (Beuzenberg and Hair 1983, Dawson 1995, 2000, Hanson et al 2003, Rice et al 2015). Except the genus Cyclamen and Myrsine , these taxa comprise annual and biennial herbaceous species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First karyotype description and nuclear 2C value for Myrsine (Primulaceae): comparing three species

Carvalho¹,

Amaral-Silva²,

Spadeto³

et al. 2017

CCG

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Cytogenetic studies in Primulaceae are mostly available for herbaceous species, and are focused on the chromosome number determination. An accurate karyotype characterization represents a starting point to know the morphometry and class of the chromosomes. Comparison among species within Myrsine, associating these data with the nuclear 2C value, can show changes that led the karyotype evolution. Here, we studied three Myrsine species [Myrsine coriacea (Swartz, 1788) Brown ex Roemer et Schultes, 1819, Myrsine umbellata Martius, 1841 and Myrsine parvifolia Candolle, 1841] that show different abilities to occupy the varied types of vegetation within the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Cytogenetic characterization showed some individuals with 2n = 45 chromosomes for Myrsine parvifolia and Myrsine coriacea, with most individuals of the three species having 2n = 46. The first karyograms for Myrsine were assembled and presented morphologically identical and distinct chromosome pairs. In addition, differences in the mean 2C nuclear value and chromosome morphometry were found. Therefore, the first description of the Myrsine karyotype has been presented, as well as the nuclear 2C value. The procedures can be applied to other Myrsine species for future investigations in order to better understand its effects on the differential spatial occupation abilities shown by the species in Brazilian Atlantic Forest.

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Chromosomal variability in the genus Primula (Primulaceae)

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

The Complete Chloroplast Genomes of Primula obconica Provide Insight That Neither Species nor Natural Section Represent Monophyletic Taxa in Primula (Primulaceae)

The Complete Chloroplast Genomes of Primula obconica Provide Insight That Neither Species nor Natural Section Represent Monophyletic Taxa in Primula (Primulaceae)

Polyploid evolution and Pleistocene glacial cycles: A case study from the alpine primrose Primula marginata (Primulaceae)

First karyotype description and nuclear 2C value for Myrsine (Primulaceae): comparing three species

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