Chromosome Abnormalities in Rabbit Blastocysts Resulting From Spermatozoa Aged in the Male Tract

Martin‐DeLeon, Patricia A.; Shaver, Evelyn L.; Gammal, Elias B.

doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)39556-5

Cited by 33 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…On an average, sperm fertilizing oocytes when males are mated at 14-day intervals would be older than those in the latter group (Zackowski and Martin-DeLeon 1989). The present finding for the effect of sperm age on the karyotype of sperm fertilizing oocytes supports previous findings for rabbit blastocysts (Martin-DeLeon et al 1973) and one-cell mouse zygotes resulting from chromosomally normal males Boice 1982, 1985) and those from translocation carriers (Zackowski and Martin-DeLeon 1989).…”

Section: Possible Factors Involved In the Distortion And The Sperm Agsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Sperm age has not been shown to influence sex ratio in a number of studies in both the rabbit and the mouse (Martin-DeLeon et al 1973;Boice 1982, 1985;Zackowski and Martin-DeLeon 1989). However, a most interesting finding in the present study was the distorted sex ratio, which was associated with segre-283 gants bearing the translocation and which was insignificant when sperm were physiologically aged.…”

Section: Sex Ratio Distortion and Sperm Agecontrasting

confidence: 48%

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The murine Rb(6.16) translocation: evidence for sperm selection and a modulating effect of aging

Aranha

Martin‐DeLeon

1991

Hum Genet

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The segregation products of the Rb(6.16) translocation were studied at first cleavage metaphase. Male mice heterozygous for the translocation mated at 3- and 14-day intervals to superovulated random-bred ICR females. Chromosome preparations of the recovered one-cell embryos were sequentially G- and C-banded and male and female complements analyzed cytogenetically. Of the 309 zygotes analyzed from both mating groups, no unbalanced segregants of the translocation were observed. In the 3-day group there was a highly significant difference (P less than 0.001) from the expected 1:1 ratio between sperm with normal (70.5%) and balanced segregants (26.2%) of alternate segregation. In the 14-day group the level of significance for the difference was ten times lower (P less than 0.01) as normal segregants were observed in 56.4% of the sperm and balanced ones in 36.5%. A comparison of the two groups using a 2 x 2 contingency table showed that segregant type was related to mating frequency (P less than 0.05). There was a highly significant distortion (P less than 0.01) of the sex ratio, with 178 Y-bearing and 131 X-bearing sperm in the combined populations. When sex ratio was analyzed according to mating intervals, the distortion was significant (P less than 0.01) only for the 3-day group. An analysis of the sex ratio according to the segregant type showed no significant deviation from 1:1 for type 1 segregants, which had normal chromosomes, while type 2 segregants, with the translocation, had a deficiency of X-bearing sperm. This deficiency was significant (P less than 0.05) only for the 3-day population. Analysis of meiotic preparations showed no association between the translocation trivalent and the X-Y bivalent. Our results, obtained under physiological conditions, provide definitive evidence for sperm selection and support previous findings that aging of sperm can modify the effect of selection.

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Section: Possible Factors Involved In the Distortion And The Sperm Agsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Sex Ratio Distortion and Sperm Agecontrasting

confidence: 48%

The murine Rb(6.16) translocation: evidence for sperm selection and a modulating effect of aging

Aranha

Martin‐DeLeon

1991

Hum Genet

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“…Infrequent coitus will lead to sperm aging in both environments. Experimental studies on the effects of rabbit sperm aged in these different environments have shown that sperm aging in the male inflicts more severe chromosomal consequences [Martin and Shaver, 1972;Martin-DeLeon et al, 1973;Shaver and Martin-DeLeon, 19751. Sperm aged in the female resulted in cleavage and fertilization errors rather than trisomies [Martin and Shaver, 1972;Shaver and Martin-DeLeon, 19751.…”

Section: Sperm Aging In the Male And Chromosome Anomaliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sperm aged in the female resulted in cleavage and fertilization errors rather than trisomies [Martin and Shaver, 1972;Shaver and Martin-DeLeon, 19751. The primary effect of sperm aging in the male was an increase in trisomy [Martin-DeLeon et al, 1973;Shaver and Martin-DeLeon, 1975;Martin-DeLeon and Shaver, 19791. Studies were carried out to determine whether sperm aging in the male resulted in chromosomal effects in the mouse, a spontaneous ovulator, as is man, and if so whether the abnormalities are generated indirectly at the second meiotic division of the oocyte or are a direct result of the sperm genome [Martin-DeLeon and Boice, 19821. When outbred female mice were inseminated naturally with sperm aged 8-20 days in the male genital tract by bilateral ligation of the corpus epididymis, there was a significant increase in the incidence of trisomies (among other anomalies such as triploidy) compared to the control group mating at 3 day intervals prior to ligation.…”

Section: Sperm Aging In the Male And Chromosome Anomaliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual behavior and Down syndrome: The biological mechanism

Martin‐DeLeon

Williams

Reynolds³

1987

Am. J. Med. Genet.

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Sufficient evidence of a correlation between infrequent coitus and Down syndrome (DS) has now accumulated to warrant reevaluation of the suggested biological mechanisms. The evidence provides no support for delayed fertilization as the mechanism responsible for this correlation, as was originally proposed by German [Nature 217:516-519, 1968]. A better explanation of this association is provided by the sperm aging hypothesis, which gains its support from both animal studies and chromosomal findings of a paternal contribution to DS. The animal studies supporting this hypothesis show an increased incidence of sperm-derived trisomies resulting from sperm stored for prolonged periods in the male tract. The chromosomal findings show a paternal origin in 20% of DS infants; the sperm aging hypothesis concerns the biological mechanism in this 20%. In addition to explaining the excess of DS for older mothers, the sperm aging hypothesis explains the excess for teenage unwed mothers and indicates that sperm aging from decreased ejaculatory frequency may be a cause of DS in all age groups. Testable directly in humans against German's delayed fertilization hypothesis, the sperm aging hypothesis has immediate clinical implications. It suggests 1) an approach to reduce the incidence of DS and miscarriages and 2) clinical research that will increase knowledge of the circumstances indicating a need for antenatal monitoring.

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“…Martin-DeLeon and colleagues [11][12][13][14][15] have considered the etiology of anomalies caused by aging sperm. In their first study [11], they performed cytogenetic studies on blastocytes obtained from rabbits inseminated with sperm collected from males who had undergone bilateral epididymal ligation.…”

Section: A Spem~ Retention In the Male Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy outcome associated with natural family planning (NFP): scientific basis and experimental design for an international cohort study

et al. 1988

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Although natural family planning (NFP) is a form of contraception without ostensible maternal risks (other than pregnancy), potential fetal risks could exist if aging gametes are involved in inadvertent fertilization. In the following report, we first review animal studies firmly establishing that aging sperm and aging oocytes (delayed fertilization) cause chromosomal abnormalities in mammals and other species. We next review human studies associating decreased coital frequency with trisomy and studies of NFP populations that generally show no increased frequency of anomalous offspring or spontaneous abortions. Our rationale for initiating an international cohort study is presented, along with the experimental design selected. Preliminary findings indicate that the experimental design chosen will indeed provide information allowing NFP safety to be assessed definitively.

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Chromosome Abnormalities in Rabbit Blastocysts Resulting From Spermatozoa Aged in the Male Tract

Cited by 33 publications

References 16 publications

The murine Rb(6.16) translocation: evidence for sperm selection and a modulating effect of aging

The murine Rb(6.16) translocation: evidence for sperm selection and a modulating effect of aging

Sexual behavior and Down syndrome: The biological mechanism

Pregnancy outcome associated with natural family planning (NFP): scientific basis and experimental design for an international cohort study

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