2021
DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.688878
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Chromosome Organization in Early Meiotic Prophase

Abstract: One of the most fascinating aspects of meiosis is the extensive reorganization of the genome at the prophase of the first meiotic division (prophase I). The first steps of this reorganization are observed with the establishment of an axis structure, that connects sister chromatids, from which emanate arrays of chromatin loops. This axis structure, called the axial element, consists of various proteins, such as cohesins, HORMA-domain proteins, and axial element proteins. In many organisms, axial elements are re… Show more

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Cited by 55 publications
(54 citation statements)
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References 199 publications
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“…Meiotic chromosomes are organized in a special higher-order structure that consists of chromatin loops anchored along proteinaceous axes (Zickler and Kleckner, 2015). The meiotic chromosome axis comprises meiosis-specific cohesin complexes, components of the SC, and HORMA-domain proteins (Figure 3; Grey and de Massy, 2021). In zebrafish, nearly all chromosome structures studied to date appear to originate from telomeres in the bouquet, including several cohesin proteins (Rad21l1, Smc3, Smc1β), the SC proteins (Sycp1, Sycp2, Sycp3), and Hormad1 Chromosomes joined by this tripartite structure are considered "synapsed."…”
Section: Chromosome Axismentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Meiotic chromosomes are organized in a special higher-order structure that consists of chromatin loops anchored along proteinaceous axes (Zickler and Kleckner, 2015). The meiotic chromosome axis comprises meiosis-specific cohesin complexes, components of the SC, and HORMA-domain proteins (Figure 3; Grey and de Massy, 2021). In zebrafish, nearly all chromosome structures studied to date appear to originate from telomeres in the bouquet, including several cohesin proteins (Rad21l1, Smc3, Smc1β), the SC proteins (Sycp1, Sycp2, Sycp3), and Hormad1 Chromosomes joined by this tripartite structure are considered "synapsed."…”
Section: Chromosome Axismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition, as homologs pair, meiotic chromosomes are organized in the nucleus in a way that telomeres are held transiently together near the nuclear envelope in the bouquet configuration. Mechanisms supporting meiotic pairing and recombination have been extensively studied using a number of different model organisms that include yeasts and fungi, protists, plants, and animals (Klutstein and Cooper, 2014;Kleckner, 2015, 2016;Loidl, 2016;Hughes et al, 2018;Grey and de Massy, 2021). Nevertheless, meiosis in fish groups, which occupy more than half of vertebrate species, remains largely unknown.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In organism such as yeast, plants, and mammals, recombination is initiated during leptotene with the induction of hundreds of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). This requires the action of the SPO11–TOP6BL transesterase and a number of accessory proteins, including the members of the MRN complex (composed by MRE11, RAD51, and NBS1 in mammals), which contributes to the processing of DSBs, and the RMM complex (REC114, MEI4, and IHO1 in mammals), which associate with the SC and promote DSBs [ 10 , 11 ]. Subsequently, a DNA damage response (DDR) is triggered, activating the homologous recombination repair pathway.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Concomitantly, homologous chromosomes undergo recombination. This is a DNA repair process that initiates at the beginning of meiosis with the endogenous production and processing of hundreds of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) by SPO11 (a topoisomerase-like protein) and a number of associated proteins, including the MRN (MRE11-RAD51-NBS1) and RMM (REC114-MER2-MEI4) complexes [ 4 , 5 ]. The production of DSBs triggers a DNA repair response through the homologous recombination pathway.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%