Chromosome translocations in the karyotypes of wild boars Sus scrofa L. of the European and the Asian areas of USSR

Abstract

The karyotypes of the 80 wild boars of the four subspecies, Sus scrofa ussuricus Heude from the Far East of USSR, S. s. nigripes Blanf. from Kirghizia (the Middle Asia), S. s. attila Thos. from Azerbaijan, S. s. ferus from Lithuania, Byelorussia and Central Russia, and the 44 domestic pigs of the five different breeds (Vietnamese Black, Siberian Omskaja Gray, Kakhethian-aborigen Georgian, Mangalica Hungarian, Landrace Swedish), were studied by the Giemsa Banding Method. Differential staining by the G-Method made it possible to identify all the homologous chromosomes of the wild and domestic pig karyotypes as well as to reveal the polymorphism of wild boar karyotypes (2n = 36, 37 and 38), which are determined by the two types of chromosome translocation. Crosses between domestic pigs (2n = 38) and wild boars (2n = 36 and 37) with different chromosome rearrangements might help to clarify the genetic function of the chromosomes A4, B3, B4, B5 and allow their use as genetic markers.

Comparative Molecular Cytogenetics in Cetartiodactyla

“…This polymorphism is due to a centric fusion involving domestic pig chromosomes SSC15/17. Fusion SSC16/17 was reported in Asian wild pigs, 2n = 36 [Tikhonov and Troshina, 1975;Bosma, 1976;Chowdhary, 1998]. Apart from S. scrofa , genus Sus includes 7 more species.…”

Cytogenetic analysis (GTG, CBG and NOR bands) of a wild boar population (Sus scrofa scrofa) with chromosomal polymorphism in the south-east of Spain

“…The nucleolus organizers were observed on pairs 8 and 10 and showed heteromorphism of the size of the silver block and in the distribution in both pairs. wild (Zivkovic et al, 1971), the Netherlands (Bosma, 1976), Sweden , France (Mauget et al, 1977;Popescu et al, 1980), Switzerland (Jotterand-Bellomo and Baettig, 1981), Austria (Rittmannsberger, 1971;Mayr et al 1984), and Russia (Tikhonov and Troshina, 1975;Troshina and Tikhonov, 1980).…”

The karyotype, including G- and C-banding patterns, of the pigmy hog Sus (Porcula) salvanius (Suidae, Mammalia)

“…salvanius and S. scrofa are highly similar. The G-banding pattern in the pigmy hog closely resembles that in the domestic pig (Lin et al, 1980) and those wild pigs that possess 2n = 38 chromosomes (Tikhonov & Troshina, 1975;Bosma, 1976;Okamoto et al, 1980). Similarly, the pattern of C-bands in the pigmy hog is comparable to that seen in the domestic pig (Hansen-Melander & Melander, 1974;Watt, 1977;Lin et aL, 1980).…”

“…Table 1 also shows that there is an apparent geographic shift in the number of chromosomes in wild Sus scrofa from east (2n = 38) to west (2n = 36). The differences in chromosome number reflect the presence of a balanced polymorphism for Robertsonian translocations in this species (Tikhonov & Troshina, 1975;Bosma, 1976).…”

“…It is hardly likely that not only wild S. scrofa at such different localities as Yugoslavia (Zivkovi6 et al, 1971), southern and eastern U.S.S.R. (Tikhonov & Troshina, 1975), and Japan (Muramoto et al, 1965;Okamoto et al, 1980), but also S. salvanius independently acquired a chromosome number of 38 out of 36 by the centric fission of submetacentric chromosomes. This, when taken together with other arguments, put forward by Bosma (1976) and Popescu et al (1980), led us to conclude that the basic chromosome number in Sus is 38 rather than 36.…”