Chromosomes and cellular radiosensitivity-II

The article contains sections titled: Introduction Radiation Types and Sources Interaction with Biosystems at the Physical Level Ionizing Radiation Electromagnetic Radiation Particle Radiation Optical Radiation Radio Frequency and Microwaves Deposition of Energy Ionizing Radiation UV and Visible Radiation Infrared Radio Frequency and Microwaves Effects on Molecules of Biological Importance and Cell Organelles Water Photochemistry and Radiation Chemistry of DNA Chromosomal Aberrations Membranes Effects of Heat Treatment Specific Molecular Aspects of Radio Frequency and Microwave Actions Cellular Effects Experimental Endpoints of Cellular Radiation Action Survival Mutations Neoplastic Transformation Modifications of Cellular Radiation Effects The Temporal Pattern of Exposure Chemical Protectors and Sensitizers Repair Processes Radiation Quality “Nonclassical” Effects in Cellular Radiobiology: Bystander Effect, Genomic Instability, Low Dose Sensitivity, and Adaptive Response Heat Effects at the Cellular Level Specific Cellular Effects of Radio Frequency and Microwaves Organ and Whole‐Body Effects Acute Effects Skin Eye Nervous System and Other Organs Radiation Syndromes and Lethality Radiation and Progeny Fertility Teratogenic Effects Genetic Effects Radiation Cancerogenesis Ultraviolet Radiation Ionizing Radiation Tissue and Whole‐Body Effects of Infrared Radiation Tissue and Whole‐Body Effects of Radio Frequency and Microwaves Applied Radiation Biology Molecular Techniques Action Spectroscopy Molecular Weight Determination by “Radiation Inactivation” Radiation Disinfection and Sterilization Therapeutic Applications Nonmalignant Diseases Cancer Therapy Biodosimetry Fluorescence In situ Hybridization ( FISH ) for Chromosomal Translocations ESR Dosimetry Radioecology, Radiation Protection, and Guidelines Radioecology Nonionizing Radiations Ionizing Radiation Principles of Radiation Protection Regulations Ionizing Radiations Nonionizing Radiations

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Update on target theory as applied to chromosomal aberrations

Savage

1993

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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The early radiobiologists, who developed target theory to explain their results, considered the chromosome "target" as a visible thread that could be physically broken by ionizing radiation. Most of the broken ends restituted, but those that did not were free to wander about and, within limits, could rejoin with any other broken end they happened to contact to form structural aberrations. Failing this, they could remain to be seen as "open" breaks at the subsequent metaphase. These ideas, and their inevitable consequences, still form the basis for much modern thinking, even though we now known that the structure of the chromosome, and of the interphase nucleus, are very much more complicated than the originators of the theory envisaged. Current understanding of chromosomes at the molecular level and the varied responses a cell can mobilize when damage is introduced, raise again the question, Can we still think in terms of simple targets? Some of the experimental observations and suggestions made since those early days are reviewed, and the application of target theory to the three theories of aberration origins (Classic, Exchange, Recombination) is briefly discussed.

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Chromosomes and cellular radiosensitivity-II

Cited by 54 publications

References 174 publications

Biological Effects of Electromagnetic and Particle Radiation

Biological Effects of Electromagnetic and Particle Radiation

Biological Effects of Electromagnetic and Particle Radiation

Update on target theory as applied to chromosomal aberrations

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