Chromosomes of fifteen species of bats (Chiroptera) from Kenya and Rhodesia /

Abstract

Karyotypes of 15 species of African Chiroptera (Epomops jranqueti, Epornophorus crypturus, E. gambianus, E. wahlbergi, Nycteris thebaica, Hipposideros caffer, Rhinolophus hildebrandti, R. darlingi, R. denti, Pipistrellus nanus, Eptesicus hottentotus, E. capensis, Scotophilus nigrita, Tadarida bivittata, and T. fulminans) were studied. An XO male sex chromosome system was discovered in E. crypturus and E. gambianus. Distinctive marker chromosomes occurred in 14 species. [Karyotypes; Chiroptera; Africa; Kenya; Rhodesia] Introduction-Data on chiropteran karyotypes were reviewed by Baker (1970) and Capanna and Civitelli (1970). Nonetheless, karyotypic data for African Chiroptera are few. Our purpose here is to describe the chromosomes of 15 species of African bats representing six families and briefly to compare results with known karyotypic data of related species (Table 1). The karyological material was obtained by the senior author during field studies in Kenya and Rhodesia in 1972. Materials and Methods-Slides of somatic chromosomes were prepared using the in vivo bone marrow technique described by Baker (1970). Although some slides were stained in the field, most were stained in the laboratory. Metaphase spreads were photographed with Kodak High Contrast Copy film 5069 using a Reichert Zetopan photomicroscope at a magnification of 630 x under oil immersion. To determine the diploid number (2N), a minimum of 12 spreads was counted for each specimen. Nomenclature for chromosomal morphology is that of Patton (1967). Fundamental number (FN) is defined as the number of autosomal arms. Metacentric, submetacentric, and subtelocentric chromosomes are assigned a value of two, and acrocentrics a value of one. Because chromosome morphology may vary in metaphase spreads as a result of different degrees of chromosome contraction, karyotypes presented in the figures may not correspond exactly to descriptions in the text. The descriptions of karyotypes and fundamental number of each species were based on photographs of a minimum of four but

Chromosomes of some species of vespertilionid bats. I. Banding patterns of Eptesicus serotinus chromosomes

“…Only E. serotinus and E. nilssoni living in Czechoslovakia show some deviation from this pattern, since they have one pair of metacentric dot-like autosomes (NFa = 50) (Zima, 1978). The only exception to this very ancestral karyotype is Eptesicus capensis, in which 32 chromosomes were found, including 10 pairs of biarmed autosomes (Peterson & Nagorsen, 1975). Unfortunately, the banding pattern of E. capensis chromosomes has not been described, thus we do not know which arm combination gave rise to these biarmed autosomes.…”

“…With regard to chromosomes, however, the species of the genus Eptesicus are very conservative; they retained the most ancestral karyotype of vespertilionid bats, the only exception being Eptesicus capensis (Peterson & Nagorsen, 1975). According to Williams & Mares (1978), the latter species is an example illustrating phyletic relations between Eptesicus and Pipistrellus.…”

“…An identical ancestral karyotype occurs in the African species E. hottentotus. A deviation from this ancestral chromosome pattern has so far been recorded only in the African species E. capensis (2N = 32; NFa = 50) (Peterson & Nagorsen, 1975).…”

Karyotypes of Taiwanese and Japanese bats belonging to the families Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae.

“…3) All autosomes are biarmed, with a series of 12 pairs of metacentrics or sub The genus Hipposideros In this genus six species including our data have been karyotyped at present (Ray-Chaudhuri et al 1971, Peterson andNagorsen 1975). All of their karyotypes are constant in 2n=32 and FN=60, and their autosomal elements consist of biarmed elements only, showing the remarkable stability.…”

Chromosome Analysis and Morphometric of Intermediate Roundleaf Bat, Hipposideros larvatus (Chiroptera, Hipposideridae) by Conventional, GTG-banding and Ag-NOR Banding Techniques

“…There have been many previous literature reviews about chromosome analysis of bats in family Hipposideridae (Ray-Chaudhuri and Pathak 1966, Ray-Chaudhuri et al 1971, Dulić and Mutere 1974, 1977, Peterson and Nagorsen 1975, Ando et al 1980, Handa and Kaur 1980, Harada et al 1982, 1985a, Hood et al 1988, Zhang and Wan 1992, Choudhury and Patro 1993, Rautenbach et al 1993, Sreepada et al 1993, Rickart et al 1999, Gu 2002a, 2002b, Volleth et al 2002, Mao et al 2007, Yi and Harada 2006, Koubínová et al 2010. In the present study, we report the karyotype analysis and chromosomal characteristics of the nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) of the intermediate roundleaf bat (Hipposideros larvatus) from Northeast Thailand.…”