Chronic Brain Imaging Across a Transparent Nanocrystalline Yttria-Stabilized-Zirconia Cranial Implant

Halaney, David L.; Jonak, Carrie R.; Liu, Junze; Davoodzadeh, Nami; Cano‐Velázquez, Mildred S.; Ehtiyatkar, Pasha; Park, Hyle; Binder, Devin K.; Aguilar, Guillermo

doi:10.3389/fbioe.2020.00659

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…Group refractive index of the nc-YSZ window is important to consider when interpreting OCT images of underlying brain tissue, like those we reported previously (Halaney et al, 2020). Because OCT is a time-based imaging technique, onaxis dimensions in reconstructed OCT images depend on timeof-flight of the OCT pulse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…We recently introduced a novel optically transparent cranial implant made from a biocompatible ceramic, nanocrystalline Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (nc-YSZ), which we refer to as the “Window to the Brain” (WttB) implant ( Davoodzadeh et al, 2018 , 2019a , b ; Cano-Velázquez et al, 2019 ). We have demonstrated chronic brain imaging across this implant in vivo usingoptical coherence tomography (OCT) ( Halaney et al, 2020 ). OCT is an imaging technique based on broadband near-infrared light which can penetrate into scattering media such as brain tissue underlying the WttB implant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Group Refractive Index of Nanocrystalline Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Transparent Cranial Implants

Halaney

Katta

Fallah

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Transparent “Window to the Brain” (WttB) cranial implants made from a biocompatible ceramic, nanocrystalline Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (nc-YSZ), were recently reported. These reports demonstrated chronic brain imaging across the implants in mice using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and laser speckle imaging. However, optical properties of these transparent cranial implants are neither completely characterized nor completely understood. In this study, we measure optical properties of the implant using a swept source OCT system with a spectral range of 136 nm centered at 1,300 nm to characterize the group refractive index of the nc-YSZ window, over a narrow range of temperatures at which the implant may be used during imaging or therapy (20–43°C). Group refractive index was found to be 2.1–2.2 for OCT imaging over this temperature range. Chromatic dispersion for this spectral range was observed to vary over the sample, sometimes flipping signs between normal and anomalous dispersion. These properties of nc-YSZ should be considered when designing optical systems and procedures that propagate light through the window, and when interpreting OCT brain images acquired across the window.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Group Refractive Index of Nanocrystalline Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Transparent Cranial Implants

Halaney

Katta

Fallah

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…Previously, we have investigated the application of 8YSZ for creating transparent cranial implants. By performing biocompatibility tests and brain imaging studies, we have demonstrated the feasibility of this application (Aguilar, Davoodzadeh, Halaney, Uahengo, & Garay, ; Aminfar et al, ; Cano‐Velázquez et al, ; Damestani et al, ; Damestani, Galan‐Hoffman, Ortiz, Cabrales, & Aguilar, ; Davoodzadeh, ; Davoodzadeh et al, ; Davoodzadeh, Cano‐Velázquez, et al, ; Davoodzadeh, Cuando, et al, ; Gutierrez et al, ; Halaney et al, ). Phase transformation (ageing) resistance and the effect of hydrothermal treatment on optical and mechanical properties of the ceramics are crucial to understand for any medical or nonmedical application of the transparent nc‐YSZ ceramics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The concept is illustrated in Figure . These transparent implants aim to provide chronic optical access to the brain (Aminfar, Davoodzadeh, Aguilar, & Princevac, ; Cano‐Velázquez et al, ; Davoodzadeh et al, ; Davoodzadeh, Cano‐Velázquez, et al, ; Davoodzadeh, Cuando, Aminfar, Cano, & Aguilar, ; Halaney et al, ) to facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases (Damestani et al, ). A recent study also demonstrated the ability of this implant to improve ultrasound imaging of the brain compared to imaging through skull (Gutierrez et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of ageing resistant transparent nanocrystalline yttria‐stabilized zirconia implants

et al. 2019

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The “Window to the Brain” is a transparent cranial implant under development, based on nanocrystalline yttria‐stabilized zirconia (nc‐YSZ) transparent ceramic material. Previous work has demonstrated the feasibility of this material to facilitate brain imaging over time, but the long‐term stability of the material over decades in the body is unknown. In this study, the low‐temperature degradation (LTD) of nc‐YSZ of 3, 6, and 8 mol % yttria is compared before and after accelerated ageing treatments following ISO standards for assessing the ageing resistance of zirconia ceramics. After 100 hr of accelerated ageing (equivalent to many decades of ageing in the body), the samples do not show any signs of phase transformation to monoclinic by X‐ray diffraction and micro‐Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, the mechanical hardness of the samples did not decrease, and changes in optical transmittance from 500 to 1000 nm due to ageing treatments was minimal (below 3% for all samples), and unlikely to be due to phase transformation of surface crystals to monoclinic. These results indicate the nc‐YSZ has excellent ageing resistance and can withstand long‐term implantation conditions without exhibiting LTD.

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“…Compared to glass, YSZ has a higher hardness, and its biocompatibility is well established. The transparency is lower than that of glass when used for optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging, but it ensures superior image quality compared to the native skull [103][104][105][106][107]. On the contrary, there are cases where transparent and flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has been used to cover the cerebral cortex.…”

Section: Material-based Window Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cranial and Spinal Window Preparation for in vivo Optical Neuroimaging in Rodents and Related Experimental Techniques

Yeon

Kim

et al. 2022

Exp Neurobiol

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Optical neuroimaging provides an effective neuroscience tool for multi-scale investigation of the neural structures and functions, ranging from molecular, cellular activities to the inter-regional connectivity assessment. Amongst experimental preparations, the implementation of an artificial window to the central nervous system (CNS) is primarily required for optical visualization of the CNS and associated brain activities through the opaque skin and bone. Either thinning down or removing portions of the skull or spine is necessary for unobstructed long-term in vivo observations, for which types of the cranial and spinal window and applied materials vary depending on the study objectives. As diversely useful, a window can be designed to accommodate other experimental methods such as electrophysiology or optogenetics. Moreover, auxiliary apparatuses would allow the recording in synchrony with behavior of large-scale brain connectivity signals across the CNS, such as olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and spinal cord. Such advancements in the cranial and spinal window have resulted in a paradigm shift in neuroscience, enabling in vivo investigation of the brain function and dysfunction at the microscopic, cellular level. This Review addresses the types and classifications of windows used in optical neuroimaging while describing how to perform in vivo studies using rodent models in combination with other experimental modalities during behavioral tests. The cranial and spinal window has enabled longitudinal examination of evolving neural mechanisms via in situ visualization of the brain. We expect transformable and multi-functional cranial and spinal windows to become commonplace in neuroscience laboratories, further facilitating advances in optical neuroimaging systems.

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Chronic Brain Imaging Across a Transparent Nanocrystalline Yttria-Stabilized-Zirconia Cranial Implant

Cited by 5 publications

References 36 publications

Group Refractive Index of Nanocrystalline Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Transparent Cranial Implants

Group Refractive Index of Nanocrystalline Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Transparent Cranial Implants

Characterization of ageing resistant transparent nanocrystalline yttria‐stabilized zirconia implants

Cranial and Spinal Window Preparation for in vivo Optical Neuroimaging in Rodents and Related Experimental Techniques

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