Chronic cannabis smoking-enriched oral pathobiont drives behavioral changes, macrophage infiltration, and increases β-amyloid protein production in the brain

Luo, Zhenwu; Fitting, Sylvia; Robinson, Catrina; Benitez, Andreana; Li, Min; Wu, Yongxia; Fu, Xiaoyu; Amato, Davide; Ning, Wangbin; Funderburg, Nicholas; Wang, Xu; Zhou, Zejun; Yu, Xue-Zhong; Wagner, Amanda; Cong, Xiaomei; Xu, Wanli; Maas, Kendra; Huang, Lei; Yu, Jeremy; Scott, Alison; McRae‐Clark, Aimee L.; Hamlett, Eric D.; Jiang, Wei

doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103701

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…While the oral cavity harbors numerous commensal bacteria, it remains unclear whether specific bacteria play a causal role in eliciting pathogenic brain responses. Nevertheless, there is evidence that bacteria found within the human oral cavity can promote Aβ formation and contribute to AD pathology [22][23][24]. In this opinion article, we aim to summarize previous studies that reveal the impact of the oral microbiome on CNS pathogenesis in AD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Microbiome and Alzheimer’s Disease

Wan,

Fan

2023

Microorganisms

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The accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques in the brain is a central pathological feature of Alzheimer’s disease. It is believed that amyloid responses may be a result of the host immune response to pathogens in both the central nervous system and peripheral systems. Oral microbial dysbiosis is a chronic condition affecting more than 50% of older adults. Recent studies have linked oral microbial dysbiosis to a higher brain Aβ load and the development of Alzheimer’s disease in humans. Moreover, the presence of an oral-derived and predominant microbiome has been identified in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, in this opinion article, we aim to provide a summary of studies on oral microbiomes that may contribute to the pathogenesis of the central nervous system in Alzheimer’s disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Microbiome and Alzheimer’s Disease

Wan,

Fan

2023

Microorganisms

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“…A previous study observed reductions in Proteobacteria and increases in the relative abundances of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes in current cigarettes and opium smokers compared with nonsmokers ( 10 , 30 ). Cigarette and cannabis smoking could decrease oral aerobes such as Neisseria and Haemophilus ( 31 ). Similar results were also observed in current heroin users compared to non-users and former heroin users.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Drug Addiction and Detoxification on the Human Oral Microbiota

et al. 2023

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“…In addition, disruption of the oral microbiome may affect central nervous system (CNS) functions [ 54 , 68 – 70 ]. Actinomyces has been identified in recent research as being connected to brain dysfunction or infection [ 71 – 73 ], and oral exposure to Actinomyces meyeri has led to an increase in the production of β-amyloid 42 protein and macrophage infiltration in mouse brains [ 74 ]. As a result, we believe that Actinomyces is a distinct type of oral bacterium with a correlation to both the functioning of the central nervous system and clinical outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between oral microbial dysbiosis and poor functional outcomes in stroke-associated pneumonia patients

Ren,

Liang,

et al. 2023

BMC Microbiol

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Background Despite advances in our understanding of the critical role of the microbiota in stroke patients, the oral microbiome has rarely been reported to be associated with stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP). We sought to profile the oral microbial composition of SAP patients and to determine whether microbiome temporal instability and special taxa are associated with pneumonia progression and functional outcomes. Methods This is a prospective, observational, single-center cohort study that examined patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who were admitted within 24 h of experiencing a stroke event. The patients were divided into three groups based on the occurrence of pneumonia and the use of mechanical ventilation: nonpneumonia group, SAP group, and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) group. We collected oral swabs at different time points post-admission and analyzed the microbiota using 16 S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. The microbiota was then compared among the three groups. Results In total, 104 nonpneumonia, 50 SAP and 10 VAP patients were included in the analysis. We found that SAP and VAP patients exhibited significant dynamic differences in the diversity and composition of the oral microbiota and that the magnitude of this dysbiosis and instability increased during hospitalization. Then, by controlling the potential effect of all latent confounding variables, we assessed the changes associated with pneumonia after stroke and explored patients with a lower abundance of Streptococcus were more likely to suffer from SAP. The logistic regression analysis revealed that an increase in specific taxa in the phylum Actinobacteriota was linked to a higher risk of poor outcomes. A model for SAP patients based on oral microbiota could accurately predict 30-day clinical outcomes after stroke onset. Conclusions We concluded that specific oral microbiota signatures could be used to predict illness development and clinical outcomes in SAP patients. We proposed the potential of the oral microbiota as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker in the clinical management of SAP patients. Clinical Trial registration NCT04688138. Registered 29/12/2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04688138.

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Chronic cannabis smoking-enriched oral pathobiont drives behavioral changes, macrophage infiltration, and increases β-amyloid protein production in the brain

Cited by 12 publications

References 65 publications

Oral Microbiome and Alzheimer’s Disease

Oral Microbiome and Alzheimer’s Disease

The Effects of Drug Addiction and Detoxification on the Human Oral Microbiota

Association between oral microbial dysbiosis and poor functional outcomes in stroke-associated pneumonia patients

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