Chronic Cyanidin‐3‐glucoside Administration Improves Short‐term Spatial Recognition Memory but not Passive Avoidance Learning and Memory in Streptozotocin‐diabetic Rats

Abstract

This research study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of chronic cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) on alleviation of learning and memory deficits in diabetic rats as a result of the observed antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of C3G. Male Wistar rats were divided into control, diabetic, C3G-treated-control and -diabetic groups. The C3G was administered i.p. at a dose of 10 mg/kg on alternate days for eight weeks. For evaluation of learning and memory, initial latency (IL) and step-through latency (STL) were determined at the end of study using passive avoidance test. Meanwhile, spatial recognition memory was assessed as alternation in the Y-maze task. Oxidative stress markers in brain tissue were also measured. It was found that the alternation score of the diabetic rats was lower than that of control (p < 0.01) and C3G-treated diabetic rats showed a higher alternation score as compared to diabetic group (p < 0.05). Diabetic rats also developed a significant impairment in retention and recall in passive avoidance test (p < 0.01) and C3G treatment of diabetic rats did not produce any significant improvement. Meanwhile, increased level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in diabetic rats was significantly reduced following C3G treatment (p < 0.05). Taken together, chronic C3G could improve short-term spatial recognition memory disturbance in the Y-maze test but not retention and recall capability in passive avoidance test in STZ-diabetic rats.

Morphological changes in the pancreas and glucose reduction of the aqueous extract of Costus afer leaf on alloxan-induced diabetic rats

“…The present study has shown the reversal of these morphological changes in the pancreas as recorded in other studies with medicinal plants [28] .…”

Cytological and Histochemical Studies in Rat Liver and Pancreas during Progression of Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes and Possible Protection of Certain Natural Antioxidants

“…Glucose 6-phosphatase increases in the liver facilitating glucose release into the blood. Green tea is considered to be anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antimutagenic, and anticarcinogenic [33][34][35][36]. Other interesting observation found was the differences in body weight among diabetic and treated groups, diabetic group showed decrease in body weight.…”

“…On the other hand a gradual significant increase in the body weight was observed in the other treated groups (groups III, IV). This may be due to the retained levels of glucose and insulin levels in green tea and curcumin treated animals [36]. In many previous morphological studies there were many pathological changes, degenerated hepatocytes with polymorphic nuclei, dilated sinusoids and mononuclear cell infiltrate extending through hepatic tissue.…”

Naringenin improves learning and memory in an Alzheimer's disease rat model: Insights into the underlying mechanisms

“…The Y maze used in this study involves no aversive stimuli and was considered suitable for evaluating memory. The specific part of the brain involved in performance of this task includes the hippocampus (Nasri et al, 2012). Since naringenin pretreatment significantly improved spatial working memory in Aβ1-40-injected rats, as evidenced by increase of spontaneous alternation percentage as compared to Aβ-treated rats, this result suggests that naringenin at its used dose improved acquisition of the short-term memory of the Aβ(1-40)-treated rats in Y-maze task.…”