Chronic dietary intake of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) at 5 or 25 parts per trillion in the monkey: TCDD kinetics and dose-effect estimate of reproductive toxicity

Bowman, Robert E.; Schantz, Susan L.; Weerasinghe, Nipuna; Gross, Michael L.; Barsotti, D.A.

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(89)90127-6

Cited by 71 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In investigations performed in rhesus monkeys (51), an increase in dioxin concentration up to four times the concentration in breast milk was found. In order to determine the true burden, samples from German infants who died from the sudden infant death syndrome were examined by the Federal Health Office (52).…”

Section: Health Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nurturing and Breast-Feeding: Exposure to Chemicals in Breast Milk

Somogyi¹,

Beck²

1993

Environmental Health Perspectives

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All chemicals that are not normal constituents of human milk should be considered undesirable contaminants. In the present review, the following substances detected in human milk are considered: persistent organochlorine pesticides; polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB); polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDD) and dibenzofurans (PCDF); polybrominated compounds; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH); trace elements; mycotoxins; nitrate, nitrite, nitrosamines; nicotine, caffeine, ethanol; and drugs. The levels of most of these substances found in human milk were within a range that would not constitute health hazards for breast-fed infants. For many ofthese, there is a comfortable safety margin. This applies also to organochlorine pesticides and PCB, particularly since, as a result of their discontinued use, the levels of these compounds have clearly declined in recent years. On the other hand, the aflatoxin burden mediated through breast milk, at least in certain tropical countries, appears to pose a definite health hazard. Detailed reference are given on the contamination of human milk with PCDD/PCDF which has to be considered as a matter of concern from the viewpoint of preventive public health. Although the low PCDD/PCDF levels found in the adipose tissue of infants indicate that there is no appreciable health risk emanating from these substances for breast-fed infants, appropriate measures to reduce the current rate of their emission into the environment have to be taken.

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Section: Health Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nurturing and Breast-Feeding: Exposure to Chemicals in Breast Milk

Somogyi¹,

Beck²

1993

Environmental Health Perspectives

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“…Cerrahide antisepsi kuralları ilk kez 1867 yılında, Joseph Lister tarafından uygulanmaya başlanmıştır. 1 Asepsi, antisepsi metotlarının uygulanması ve antibiyotiklerin keşfi ile bu infeksiyonların insidansı giderek azalmıştır. Ancak günümüzde, yaşlı, altta yatan kronik hastalığı ve immünosüpresyonu olan hasta popülasyonundaki artış ve bu hastalara cerrahi müdahalelerin daha fazla uygulanmaya başlanması, yoğun bakım ünitelerinin artması, invaziv girişimlerin yaygınlığı, organ transplantasyonlarının artması ve antimikrobiyal ajanlara dirençli mikroorganizmaların ortaya çıkması nedeniyle, cerrahi alan infeksiyonları, yine büyük bir sorun olarak karşımızdadır.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Surgical Site Infections Associated With Healthcare

Aydın¹,

Erduran²

2012

BSBD

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bsbd@balikesir.edu.tr www.bau-sbdergisi.com ÖZET Sağlık hizmetleri ile ilişkili infeksiyonların en sık nedenlerinden biri, cerrahi alan infeksiyonlarıdır. Sterilizasyon metotları ve uygun antimikrobiyal profilaksi alanında sağlanan büyük ilerlemelere karşın, cerrahi alan infeksiyonları (CAİ), ameliyat sonrası karşılaşılan önemli bir morbidite ve mortalite nedenidir. Sağlık hizmetleri ile ilişkili cerrahi alan infeksiyonlarının gelişimine neden olan risk faktörlerinin belirlenmesi, infeksiyonların önlenmesinde önemlidir. Bu derlemede; CAİ'nın tanımı, sınıflandırılması, CAİ ile ilgili risk faktörlerinin ve koruyucu önlemlerin, güncel literatürler eşliğinde irdelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Cerrahi alan infeksiyonları, risk faktörleri, koruyucu önlemler SUMMARYOne of the most frequent reasons of healthcare-associated infections is surgical site infections (SSI). In spite of huge progresses in sterilization methods and antimicrobial prophylaxis, SSI's are the main cause of morbidity and mortality following surgery. To determine the risk factors associated with the development of healthcare-associated surgical site infections is important for preventing infections. In this review it is aimed to discuss the definition of SSI and its classification, SSI-related risk factors and preventive management under the light of current literature.Key Words: Surgical site infections, risk factors, preventive management Giriş On dokuzuncu yüzyılın ortalarına kadar ameliyat edilen hastaların büyük kısmı ameliyat sonrası gelişen infeksiyonlar sonucu kaybedilmiştir. Cerrahide antisepsi kuralları ilk kez 1867 yılında, Joseph Lister tarafından uygulanmaya başlanmıştır.1 Asepsi, antisepsi metotlarının uygulanması ve antibiyotiklerin keşfi ile bu infeksiyonların insidansı giderek azalmıştır. Ancak günümüzde, yaşlı, altta yatan kronik hastalığı ve immünosüpresyonu olan hasta popülasyonundaki artış ve bu hastalara cerrahi müdahalelerin daha fazla uygulanmaya başlanması, yoğun bakım ünitelerinin artması, invaziv girişimlerin yaygınlığı, organ transplantasyonlarının artması ve antimikrobiyal ajanlara dirençli mikroorganizmaların ortaya çıkması nedeniyle, cerrahi alan infeksiyonları, yine büyük bir sorun olarak karşımızdadır. TanımCerrahi alan infeksiyonu, ameliyatı takip eden ilk 30 gün içinde, kesi yerinde ve cerrahi girişimde bulunulan veya girişim sırasında maniple edilen organ ve boşluklarda gelişen infeksiyondur. Eğer ameliyat sırasında implant konulduysa bu süre bir yıldır.3 Center for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC), CAİ için standart tanı kriterleri geliştirmiştir. CAİ, deri ve deri altı dokuda gelişen yüzeyel insizyonel, derin yumuşak dokular, kas ve fasyada gelişen derin insizyonel ve ameliyat sırasında açılan, maniple edilen organ ve boşluklarda gelişen, organ ve boşluk CAİ olmak üzere üçe ayrılır. Ayrıca ameliyat sırasındaki bakteriyel kontaminasyonun temel alındığı yara sınıflama sistemi de vardır. 4,5 Bu yara sınıflama sistemine göre temiz yaralarda CAİ gelişme riski %2 veya daha az, temiz kontamine yaralarda ...

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“…But, certainly, reproductive effects are of major concern and only in the past year have we for the first time observed an increase in ovarian cancer in the women exposed at Seveso [49]; and a skewing of the sex ratio toward females born of these exposed women [50]. Other reproductive deficits include a recent documentation of endometriosis for female rhesus monkeys given TCDD orally [51,52]. Chronic dietary intake of 25 ppt of TCDD reduced infant survival in mother rhesus monkeys whose peripheral and central fat contained greater than 200 ppt.…”

Section: Tcdd As Modulator Of the Estrogen Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive Endocrine Disruption by Environmental Xenobiotics that Modulate the Estrogen-Signaling Pathway, Particularly Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)

Reinhold

1999

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Abstract. Environmental pollutants are known to exert endocrine-disrupting effects on several hormonal axes of animals, including reproduction and development. Many of these xenobiotics modulate the estrogen-receptor signaling pathway(s) in agonistic or antagonistic ways. Some of the compounds are themselves estrogenic (so-called xenoestrogens, environmental estrogens, or ecoestrogens), and are classified as synthetic estrogens, phyto-or fungal estrogens, alkylphenol ethoxylates; certain non-coplanar polyclorinated biphenyls (PCBs), etc. Other molecules are antiandrogenic, e.g., p,p'-dichloro-diphenyl-dichloroethylene (DDE); while still others disrupt estrogen function in a manner that is dose, species and tissue specific, e.g., certain co-planar PCBs and dioxin-like molecules (e.g., tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin [TCDD]). Exposure to some compounds has been correlated with skewing of sex ratios in aquatic species, and feminization and demasculinization of male animals; declines in human sperm counts; and overall diminution in fertility of birds, fish, and mammals. This review will cover these various xenobiotics and evaluate them for their estrogen-modulating effects; and then further concentrate on TCDD specifically. Dioxins are produced as by-products of herbicide overuse, from paper bleaching, plastics manufacture, and waste incineration. TCDD has been correlated with altered fecundity and endometriosis in monkeys, and with certain cancers in experimental animals and humans. TCDD is also correlated with reproductive deficits in many laboratory species. In summary, we believe that some of the reproductive deficits from endocrine-disrupting xenobiotics may be attributable to the modulation of the estrogen-signaling pathway, in positive and negative manners, depending on dose, species, and tissue specificity.

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Chronic dietary intake of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) at 5 or 25 parts per trillion in the monkey: TCDD kinetics and dose-effect estimate of reproductive toxicity

Cited by 71 publications

References 18 publications

Nurturing and Breast-Feeding: Exposure to Chemicals in Breast Milk

Nurturing and Breast-Feeding: Exposure to Chemicals in Breast Milk

Surgical Site Infections Associated With Healthcare

Reproductive Endocrine Disruption by Environmental Xenobiotics that Modulate the Estrogen-Signaling Pathway, Particularly Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)

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