Chronic effects of environmental biomass smoke on lung histopathology in turkish non-smoking women: a case series

Abstract

Biomass is widely used for fuel in developing countries. Particles and gases of biomass burning may cause changes in the lung. In this prospective study we investigated histopathological changes in the lungs of 42 non-smoking women [mean age (59±10) years] caused by biomass smoke. We valuated exposure to biomass smoke, case histories, and the fi ndings of physical examination, radiology, bronchoscopy, and lung histopathology. Mean exposure to biomass smoke was (28±9) hour-year (1 hour-year equals 365 hours of exposure per year with average exposure of 1 hour a day). The radiological fi ndings were mass (42 %), reticulonodular opacities (31 %), mediastinal lymphadenopathy (26 %), pleuro-parenchymal fi brotic banding (19 %), widening of the pulmonary artery (14 %), ground glass (11 %), mosaic perfusion (9 %), consolidation (9 %), segmental or subsegmental atelectasis (7 %), and bronchiectasis (7 %). The patients were diagnosed with lung cancer (35 %), interstitial lung disease (31 %), sarcoidosis (9 %), tuberculosis (9 %), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (4 %), chronic bronchitis (9 %), and metastasis (4 %). Bronchoscopy showed pilies, oedema, erythema, bronchus narrowing, endobronchial tumour, mucosal irregularity, increased vascularisation, blue-black anthracotic plaques, mucosal oedema, and purulent secretion. Transbronchial biopsies revealed neutrophil and lymphocyte leucocytes in the perivascular, peribronchiolar, and interalveolar septa, slightly enlarged connective tissue, thickening of the basal membrane, thickening of interalveolar septa, intimal and medial thickening of the vascular wall and vascular lumen narrowing, anthracosis between the cells and in the bronchiole epithelium. These fi ndings confi rm that biomass smoke has important toxic effects on the lung parenchyma, interstitium, and pulmonary vessels that may result in malignancies.

Lung Adenocancer in Pregnancy and Review of the Literature

“…5 In a study conducted in Turkey, it was reported that exposure to biomass may cause lung cancer as well as various lung diseases. 6 Pregnancy-associated lung cancer is defined as lung cancer detected during pregnancy and within 1 year after birth. In a retrospective analysis by Yang Lei et al, 2 including clinical manifestations, treatments, and outcomes, the median age of 77 pregnancy-related lung cancer cases reported up to 2021 was 34.…”

Pulmonary hypertension associated with combined fibrosing mediastinitis and bronchial anthracofibrosis: A retrospective analysis in a single Chinese hospital

“…The inhaled particles of biomass fuel were accumulated at the branching portion of bronchus, while some were taken up by macrophages or bronchial epithelial cells . Anthracotic carbonaceous pigments can deposit in the bronchi subepithelium and interalveolar septa, increase airway inflammation, and might cause fibrosis or hypertrophy of the bronchial wall and luminal narrowing, ultimately resulting in BAF. There's no evidence that biofuel smoke can cause FM directly, but biofuel‐associated BAF is frequently coexisting with TB (33.9%) and mediastinal lymphadenopathy (66.0%), so that biofuel‐associated BAF might be indirectly correlated with FM.…”

Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review in Environmental Tobacco Smoke Risk of Female Lung Cancer by Research Type

“…We then read the full text of the remaining 117 studies. Studies that were impossible to distinguish female ETS exposure [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ], studies without risk of ETS [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 ], studies that were published more than once, studies with a subset of cases [ 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , …”