Chronic experimental left heart failure in the dog

Abstract

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The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in rabbits with congestive heart failure produced by aortic constriction.

“…Any substantial amount of retained salt and water is a reflection of right congestive failure, since only a limited volume of fluid can accumulate in the lungs as congestion and edema without death occurring. 3 Pleural fluid is more common in right heart failure but can also occur as a consequence of left ventricular failure. The decrease in hematocrit in group I was significantly greater than that in groups II or III (P < 0.0025); this is probably a reflection of the increase in plasma volume noted by Alexander et al 7 Hypernatremia occurred in group I only; this response during the acute phase of right heart failure has been reported previously.…”

“…Models resembling right 1 ' 2 and left 3 ' 4 congestive heart failure have been produced previously in this laboratory in the dog by constriction of the thoracic inferior vena cava,' pulmonary artery stenosis, 2 or an aortic left atrial shunt and aortic constriction. 3 -4 Constriction of the abdominal aorta of the rabbit has been reported to lead to congestive heart failure; 5 " 7 however, little attention was given to the mechanisms for fluid retention that lead to pulmonary edema and heart failure. Therefore, in the present study the mechanisms of fluid retention in congestive heart failure were evaluated in the rabbit after constriction of the abdominal aorta and during maintenance of daily sodium intake by infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride.…”

“…A sample of 5 ml of blood was mixed with 0.1 ml of 10% (wt/vol) EDTA on ice; plasma was stored at -20°C and 2 ml were later used for assay. After an extraction step using methylene chloride, other steroids were separated by Celite partition chromatography and aldosterone was quantified by a radioimmunoassay employing [1,[2][3] H]aldosterone (New England Nuclear; specific activity = 30 Ci/ mmol, determined by self-displacement analysis in this laboratory) as tracer, a 1:100,000 dilution of antiserum (sheep 088, National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases), and synthetic aldosterone (Ciba-Geigy) as standard.…”

Plasma Renin Activity and the Effects of Deoxycorticosterone Acetate in Dogs with Chronic Left Ventricular Overload

“…• A method of producing chronic experimental left heart failure in the dog has recently been described (1). This was achieved by suturing a Teflon graft between the first part of the descending aorta and the left atrium in dogs.…”

“…This procedure resulted in an additional elevation of left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) with the subsequent development of pulmonary edema which was often associated with marked sodium retention. Some animals also showed moderate sodium retention with' high levels of LVEDP (over 35 mm Hg) without clinical signs of pulmonary edema (1).…”