Chronic forced swim stress produces subsensitivity to nicotine

Peck, Jason A.; Dilsaver, Steven C.; McGee, Max

doi:10.1016/0091-3057(91)90004-l

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Others have shown that stressful manipulations which should be capable of producing HPA activation in rats (Dilsaver t988;Flemmer and Dilsaver 1989;Peck et al 1991), or direct CORT administration in mice (Pauly et al 1988(Pauly et al , 1990, can reduce nicotine sensitivity across a wide array of measures, whereas adrenalectomy increases responsiveness to nicotine (Pauly et al 1988(Pauly et al , 1990. However, these studies involved chronic manipulations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…This is suggested by the recent finding of elevated, preinjection levels of CORT accompanying the development of tolerance to nicotine administration in mice (Pauly et al 1990). This hypothesis is further supported by the following: (1) endogenous CORT responses to at least some stimuli can be conditioned (Ader 1976;Hennessey et al 1977); (2) CORT has widespread regulatory effects on many physiological systems (Munk et al 1984); (3) exogenous CORT given chronically reduces a number of behavioral and physiological effects of nicotine in mice (Pauly et al 1988(Pauly et al , 1990; (4) chronic stress, which also would be expected to elevate CORT levels, reduces nicotine sensitivity in rats (Dilsaver 1988;Flemmer and Dilsaver 1989;Peck et al 1991).…”

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confidence: 97%

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Acute stress or corticosterone administration reduces responsiveness to nicotine: implictions for a mechanism of conditioned tolerance

et al. 1993

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We have shown that conditioned tolerance develops to some of the behavioral and endocrine effects of nicotine in rats. Other investigators have suggested that tolerance to multiple nicotine injections in mice may be due, in part, to elevated plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels, since repeated nicotine injections are associated with elevated CORT, chronically elevated CORT reduces nicotine responsiveness and adrenalectomy disrupts nicotine tolerance. Three experiments tested the feasibility of this hypothesis, as a mechanism for conditioned nicotine tolerance in rats, by determining whether acute administration of CORT or manipulations that increase adrenocortical activity reduce nicotine responsiveness. In experiment 1, male rats were injected IP with CORT (1 mg/kg), vehicle (ETOH + distilled water) or no injection 10 min before nicotine (0.75 mg/kg, SC) and tested for nicotine-induced analgesia every other day for 10 days. A significant reduction in withdrawal latencies was obtained for CORT pretreated rats compared to animals given only nicotine. A similar reduction was produced by the vehicle pretreatment, which itself induced an elevation of endogenous CORT. Experiments 2 and 3 established that similar effects could be produced by doses of CORT as low as 0.125 mg/kg or by exposure to a novel environment which also elevated CORT levels. Results also suggest that a conditioned release of endogenous CORT was triggered by stimuli associated with nicotine delivery. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that a conditioned release of CORT could contribute to the development of tolerance to some of nicotine's effects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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confidence: 97%

Acute stress or corticosterone administration reduces responsiveness to nicotine: implictions for a mechanism of conditioned tolerance

et al. 1993

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“…It is possible that individuals smoke for reasons other than anxiety-relief in social situations, such as to relieve nicotine withdrawal (Schachter, 1978), alleviate negative affect that results from nicotine withdrawal (Leventhal & Cleary, 1980), or because of a subsensitivity to nicotine resulting from the stressful experience (Flemmer & Dilsaver, 1989;Peck et al, 1991). It is possible that individuals smoke for reasons other than anxiety-relief in social situations, such as to relieve nicotine withdrawal (Schachter, 1978), alleviate negative affect that results from nicotine withdrawal (Leventhal & Cleary, 1980), or because of a subsensitivity to nicotine resulting from the stressful experience (Flemmer & Dilsaver, 1989;Peck et al, 1991).…”

Section: Non-social Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been suggested that abstinence from nicotine results in increased stress and that smoking only appears to reduce stress by contrast (Schachter, 1978;Schachter et al, 1977). Alternatively, chronic stress may result in subsensitivity to the effects of nicotine (Flemmer & Dilsaver, 1989;Peck, Dilsaver, & McGee, 1991), which may result in increased smoking during stress to compensate for reduced effects. Despite prevalent selfreports of nicotine's stress-and anxiety-reducing properties, human laboratory studies of smoking's effects on anxiety have yielded inconsistent results, with some studies reporting that smoking alleviates anxiety (e.g., Gilbert et al, 1989;Jarvik, Caskey, Rose, Herskovic, & Sadeghpour, 1989;Kassel & Shiffman, 1997;Pomerleau & Pomerleau, 1987), and others reporting no effect (Fleming & Lombardo, 1987;Gilbert & Hagen, 1980;Hatch, Bierner, & Fisher, 1983;Jarvik et al, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine administration interacts with housing conditions to alter social and non-social behaviors in male and female Long-Evans rats

Scheufele

Faraday

Grunberg

2000

CNTR

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Despite the fact that the anxiety-relieving effects of smoking are widely reported by smokers, human laboratory studies have not found consistent evidence for this effect. In animals, contrasting results also have been reported, with Sprague-Dawley rats unaffected by nicotine in behavioral tests of anxiety but with other rat strains (e.g., Wistar, Fischer-344) displaying behaviors indicative of anxiolysis. The present experiment used the social interaction test to evaluate effects of nicotine (12 mg/kg/day) chronically administered via minipump on social and non-social behaviors in 48 male and 48 female Long-Evans rats--a strain that has not previously been evaluated and that is known to differ from Sprague-Dawleys in other behavioral responses to nicotine. Because environmental conditions can alter behavioral effects of drugs, animals lived in either individual or same-sex group housing. Social interactions were measured on day 10 of drug administration and social behaviors (touch, follow, sniff-other, wrestle) as well as non-social behaviors (anxiety-related behaviors: freezing, grooming-self; exploratory behavior: moving) were scored. Group housing decreased social behaviors and increased anxiety-related behaviors. Nicotine's effects depended upon housing condition, such that nicotine further decreased social behaviors and increased anxiety-related behaviors of group-housed animals, with weaker effects in single-housed animals. Overall, the results suggest that nicotine's effects are modified by environmental conditions, and that nicotine administration at this dosage and in this particular rat strain results in anxiogenic effects.

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“…Specifically, in empirical studies, nicotine administration decreased body weight in humans and rats (Grunberg, 1982;Winders & Grunberg, 1989), decreased aggression in humans (Cherek, 1981;Cherek et aI., 1991) and in rats (Silvennan, 1971;ScheufeJe, 1997), and altered biochemical and behavioral responses to stress in rats (Benwell & Balfour, 1982;Cam & Bassett, 1983;1984;Sharp, Beyer, Levine, Morley, & McAllen. 1987;Peck, Dilsaver, & McGee, 1991;Acri, 1992Acri, , 1994Takada, Thara, Vrano, & Takada, 1995) and in humans (MacDougall, Musante, Castillo, & Acevedo, 1988;Gilbert, Robinson, Chamberlin, & Spielberger, 1989;Pomerleau & Pomerleau, 1990;Levin, Rose, Behm, & Caskey, 1991;Smits, Temme, & Thien, 1993).…”

Section: ) Effects Of Nicotinementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Nicotine Administration and Stress on Sensory-Gating Depend on Rat Strain and Sex

Faraday¹

1998

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The present experiments investigated effects of nicotine administration, nicotine cessation, and stress (environmental and physical) on the acoustic startle reflex (ASR) and pre-pulse inhibition (ppn of the ASR (measures of sensory-gating) in males and females of two rat strains. Experiment 1 examined effects of nicotine on 192 Long-Evans rats (a non-albino strain) in individual or crowded housing. For males, nicotine increased startle and PPI in the crowded condition but decreased these responses in the individually-housed condition. For females, nicotine reduced ASR and PPI regardless of housing condition. Experiment 2 examined effects of nicotine (0, 6, or 12 mg/kglday) and immobilization (llv1) stress on ASR and PPI of male and female Long-Evans and

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Chronic forced swim stress produces subsensitivity to nicotine

Cited by 16 publications

References 23 publications

Acute stress or corticosterone administration reduces responsiveness to nicotine: implictions for a mechanism of conditioned tolerance

Acute stress or corticosterone administration reduces responsiveness to nicotine: implictions for a mechanism of conditioned tolerance

Nicotine administration interacts with housing conditions to alter social and non-social behaviors in male and female Long-Evans rats

Effects of Nicotine Administration and Stress on Sensory-Gating Depend on Rat Strain and Sex

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