Chronic Hepatitis B Prevalence among Children and Mothers: Results from a Nationwide, Population-Based Survey in Lao People's Democratic Republic

Xeuatvongsa, Anonh; Komada, Kenichi; Kitamura, Tomomi; Vongphrachanh, Phengta; Pathammavong, Chansay; Phounphenghak, Kongxay; Sisouk, Thongchanh; Phonekeo, Darouny; Sengkeopaseuth, Bounthanom; Som-Oulay, Vilasak; Ishii, Koji; Wakita, Takaji; Sugiyama, Masaya; Hachiya, Masahiko

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0088829

Cited by 25 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…For sex the result is different from that found in Egypt but the result is similar to that found in Laos. [12] Regarding the environment from Mao et al in Cambodia [13] and in Egypt Iman et al [14] found similar results to ours. We did not find any plausible explanation in the literature for this.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV among Children 6 to 59 Months in the Community in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Kabinda¹,

Akilimali²,

Miyanga³

et al. 2015

OJPed

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Objectives: To determine the prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV among children 6 to 59 months and determine the risk factors. Materials and Methods: Descriptive and analytical study on children aged 6 to 59 months of community Maniema (DRC) conducted between 24 June and 24 July 2013. We enrolled 781 children aged 6 to 59 months. For association between the presence of viral markers and potential risk factors the chi-square test of Pearson was applied, the odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated. The Fisher exact test was used when the conditions for application of the chi-square test of Pearson were not met. Results: The median age of the children was 34 months, 51% of female children. Ten percent of children had a history of blood transfusion; 6.6% and 64% had fever and anemia. The prevalence of HBsAg was 3.6%, the prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis C was 2.8% and HIV was 3.7%. The risk factors were HBsAg, male gender (5.5% male vs 2.0 % female; OR = 2.8(1.3 -6.9) p = 0.001) and urban areas (5.0% rural vs 0.5% urban, OR = 0.1 (0.01 -0.72), p = 0.01). For HCV and HIV, these factors were the history of blood transfusion in the child and the mother. For HCV 7.6% of children with blood transfusion history; OR = 3.2 (1.1 -8.5); p = 0.05 and 11.1% history's mother blood transfusion, OR = 5.6 (2.1 -14.1). For HIV 11.4% of children with blood transfusion history, OR = 3.8, p = 0.005 and 9.8% history's mother blood transfusion, OR = 2.9, p = 0.04. Conclusion: Vaccination against hepatitis B in children must be widespread, educational messages to the population must target the risk factors for these viruses. A screening of hepatitis in pregnant women must be J. M. Kabinda et al. 172coupled with rigorous selection policy for blood donors before each donation and qualification of any unit of blood.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV among Children 6 to 59 Months in the Community in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Kabinda¹,

Akilimali²,

Miyanga³

et al. 2015

OJPed

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“…Interestingly, large differences are observed when comparing it to the results of two recent surveys conducted in Laos: it is significantly lower than the 8.2% rate reported among 388 pregnant women tested in 2011 in Luang Prabang and Vientiane [2] but significantly higher than the 2.9% rate established in a 2012 nationwide survey conducted on 965 mothers [11]. How can such discrepancies be explained?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinics in Vientiane, Laos, 2008–2014

Choisy

Keomalaphet

Xaydalasouk

et al. 2017

Hepatitis Research and Treatment

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The Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) is still considered a highly endemic country for hepatitis B, mainly due to perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV), despite efforts made since 2004 for universal immunization of newborns. The prevalence of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) carriage in pregnant women is a relevant marker for the risk of mother-to-child HBV transmission. This study aimed to assess the changes in prevalence of HBV infection among pregnant women attending the Mahosot Prenatal Clinic (Vientiane Capital). Methods. A retrospective study was performed in the Mahosot Hospital Laboratory to collect and analyze all the results of HBsAg testing in pregnant women from 2008 to 2014. Results. Of a total of 13,238 tested women of mean age of 26 years, 720 women (5,44% [95 CI: 5.1–5.8%]) were found HBsAg positive, the annual prevalence ranging from 4.6% to 6.2%. A slight but steady and significant decrease in prevalence over the 7 years of the study could be documented. Conclusion. Although below the 8% hyperendemic threshold, the HBsAg prevalence observed in pregnant women in Vientiane reflects a high risk of HBV perinatal transmission and call for a widespread infant immunization with an HBV vaccine birth dose.

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“…This prevalence is in accordance with published studies [7, 8] and unpublished data from the Lao Red Cross that show between 8–10% of adult Lao blood donors nationwide are HBsAg positive. However, it is in contrast to the 2.9% HBsAg positivity in mothers aged 15–49 years in the aforementioned nationwide survey [21]. Regional HBsAg prevalence varies between and within countries, according to vaccination coverage and other factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Hepatitis B virus in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic: a cross sectional serosurvey in different cohorts

Black

Nouanthong²,

Nanthavong

et al. 2014

BMC Infect Dis

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BackgroundDespite hepatitis B vaccination at birth and at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection continues to be endemic in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR). We carried out a cross-sectional serological study in infants, pre-school children, school pupils and pregnant women to determine their burden of disease, risk of infection and vaccination status.MethodsA total of 2471 participants between 9 months and 46 years old were recruited from urban (Vientiane Capital, Luang Prabang), semi-urban (Boulhikhamxai and Savannakhet) and remote rural areas (Huaphan). All sera were tested for anti-HBs and anti-HBc. Sera testing positive for anti-HBc alone were further tested for the presence of HBsAg.ResultsA low prevalence of HBsAg (0.5%) was detected among infants from Vientiane and Luang Prabang, indicating some success of the vaccination policy. However, only 65.6% had protective anti-HBs antibodies, suggesting that vaccination coverage or responses remain sub-optimal, even in these urban populations.In pre-school children from remote areas in Huaphan, 21.2% were positive for anti-HBc antibodies, and 4.6% were for HBsAg positive, showing that a significant proportion of children in these rural regions have early exposure to HBV. In pre-school children with 3 documented HBV vaccinations, only 17.0% (15/55) were serologically protected.Among school-children from semi-urban regions of Luang Prabang, Boulhikhamxai and Savannakhet provinces, those below the age of 9 who were born after HBV vaccine introduction had anti-HBc and HBsAg prevalence of 11.7% and 4.1%, respectively. The prevalence increased to 19.4% and 7.8% of 10–14 year olds and to 27% and 10.2% of 15–19 year olds.Pregnant women from Luang Prabang and Vientiane had very high anti-HBc and HBsAg prevalence (49.5% and 8.2%), indicating high exposure and risk of onward vertical transmission to the unborn infant.ConclusionsOverall, the results demonstrate a dramatic deficiency in vaccination coverage and vaccine responses and/or documentation within the regions of Lao PDR studied, which included urbanized areas with better health care access. Timely and effective hepatitis B vaccination coverage is needed in Lao PDR.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2334-14-457) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Chronic Hepatitis B Prevalence among Children and Mothers: Results from a Nationwide, Population-Based Survey in Lao People's Democratic Republic

Cited by 25 publications

References 19 publications

Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV among Children 6 to 59 Months in the Community in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV among Children 6 to 59 Months in the Community in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinics in Vientiane, Laos, 2008–2014

Hepatitis B virus in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic: a cross sectional serosurvey in different cohorts

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