Chronic hydrocephalus in rats and humans: White matter loss and behavior changes

Bigio, Marc R. Del; Wilson, Marla J.; Enno, Terry L.

doi:10.1002/ana.10453

Cited by 184 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This suggests an attempt of to remyelination. These data are in agreement with the work of Del Bigio 18 and Lopes 19 . Further studies are needed to better understand the pathophysiology of hydrocephalus lesions produced in the corpus callosum and other structures of the brain parenchyma.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Changes caused by hidrocephalus, induced by kaolin, in the corpus callosum of adult dogs

Cardoso¹,

Lachat²,

Lopes³

et al. 2011

Acta Cir. Bras.

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PURPOSE:To analyze the ventricular enlargement and myelination of the corpus callosum in adult dogs after four and eight weeks of kaolin-induction of hydrocephalus. METHODS: 36 dogs were randomly divided into 3 groups: 1 -without hydrocephalus, 2 -kaolin-induction of hydrocephalus until the fourth week, and 3 -kaolin-induction of hydrocephalus until the eighth week. Ventricular ratios and volumes were calculated using magnetic resonance images, and myelination of the corpus callosum were histologically evaluated using solocromo-cianin stain. RESULTS: Radiological hydrocephalus was observed in 93.75% and overall mortality was 38.4%. Ventricular volumes and ratios were higher in groups 2 and 3 compared to group 1 and similar when measures in the fourth and eighth weeks were compared in the group 3. Indices of luminescence in the knee and in the splenium of the corpus callosum were higher in group 2 than in group 1 indicating that there was loss of myelin in group 2, and similar in groups 1 and 3, showing a tendency to remyelination after 8 weeks. CONCLUSION: The corpus callosum of dogs with kaolin-induced hydrocephalus responds with demyelination of the knee and splenium by the fourth week with a tendency to remyelination by the eighth week. Key words: Hydrocephalus. Corpus Callosum. Myelin Sheath. Dogs. RESUMO OBJETIVO:Analisar a dilatação ventricular e a mielinização do corpo caloso em cães adultos após quatro e oito semanas da indução de hidrocefalia por caulin. MÉTODOS: 36 cães foram aleatoriamente divididos em 3 grupos: 1-sem hidrocefalia, 2-quatro semanas de hidrocefalia induzida por caulin, 3-oito semanas de hidrocefalia induzida por caulin. As razões e volumes ventriculares foram calculados utilizando imagens de ressonância magnética, e, a mielinização do corpo caloso por estudo histológico (coloração com solocromo-cianina). RESULTADOS: Hidrocefalia foi observada radiologicamente em 93,75% e a mortalidade global foi de 38,4%. Os volumes e as razões ventriculares foram maiores nos grupos 2 e 3 em relação ao grupo 1 e semelhantes nas quarta e oitava semanas no grupo 3. Índices de luminescência no joelho e no esplênio do corpo caloso foram maiores no grupo 2 em relação ao grupo 1, indicando que houve perda de mielina no grupo 2, e semelhantes nos grupos 1 e 3, mostrando uma tendência à remielinização em torno de 8 semanas. CONCLUSÃO: O corpo caloso de cães com hidrocefalia induzida por caulin responde com desmielinização no joelho e esplênio em torno de quatro semanas com tendência à remielinização em torno da oitava semana. Descritores: Hidrocefalia. Corpo Caloso. Bainha de Mielina. Cães. Changes caused by hidrocephalus, induced by kaolin, in the corpus callosum of adult dogsActa Cirúrgica Brasileira -Vol. 26 (Suppl. 2) 2011 -9

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Changes caused by hidrocephalus, induced by kaolin, in the corpus callosum of adult dogs

Cardoso¹,

Lachat²,

Lopes³

et al. 2011

Acta Cir. Bras.

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“…Thus, while decreased surface area and neocortical volume tend to follow an anterior to posterior gradient of increasing group differences and increased variability within the SB group, neocortical volume in the frontal region is similar between both groups. This finding is consistent with published studies of animal models of hydrocephalus and post mortem studies of humans with hydrocephalus where destruction of periventricular white matter was associated with increased ventricular size and the frontal region was predominately spared (Del Bigio et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Neocortical reorganization in spina bifida

et al. 2008

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Normal brain development throughout childhood and adolescence is usually characterized by decreased cortical thickness in the frontal regions as well as region-specific patterns of increased white matter myelination and volume. We investigated total cerebral volumes, neocortical surface area, and neocortical thickness in 16 children with a neural tube defect, spina bifida myelomeningocele (SB), and 16 age-matched typically developing controls using a semi-automated, quantitative approach to MRI-based brain morphometry. The results revealed no significant group differences in total cerebral volume. However, group differences were observed in the global distribution of distinct tissue classes within the cerebrum: the SB group demonstrated a significant 15% reduction in total white matter and a 69% increase in cerebrospinal fluid, with no differences in total gray matter. Group comparisons of neocortical surface area assessments were significantly smaller in the occipital regions for SB, with no significant group differences in the frontal regions. Group comparisons of cortical thickness measurements demonstrated reduced cortical thickness in all regions except the frontal regions, where the SB group exhibited an increase relative to the PC group. Although regional patterns of thinning may be associated with the mechanical effects of hydrocephalus, the overall reduction in white matter and increased neocortical thickness in the frontal regions suggest that SB reflects a long term disruption of brain development that extends far beyond the neural tube defect in the first weeks of gestation.

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“…In addition, MRI assessment has revealed that agerelated loss of white matter is more significant than that of gray matter (Guttmann et al, 1998;Jernigan et al, 2001). Recent studies using Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) reported that white matter was connected to cognitive functions, and ultrastructural changes in the integrity of white matter were very responsive to cognitive changes during aging (Del Bigio et al, 2003;Nagy et al, 2004;Shenkin et al, 2005;Huang and Auchus, 2007). Since the integrity of white matter tract relies mostly on the integrity of myelin sheaths, it can be inferred that myelin sheaths integrity is sensitive to aging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereological Evidence for De/Re-Generation of Myelin Sheaths in Aged Brain White Matter of Female Rats

Zhang

et al. 2017

Image Anal Stereol

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Studies have provided qualitative evidence of de-myelination and re-myelination in aged brain white matter. However, there have been no quantitative evidences of degeneration and regeneration of myelin sheaths in white matter. The present study was designed to investigate the quantitative changes in myelin sheaths using unbiased stereological techniques and qualitative changes using electron microscopy in aged brain white matter. Results obtained showed that in brain white matter, the total volume of myelin sheaths of old-age female rats was not significantly different from that of young female rats, but the total length of myelinated fibers in old female rats was significantly decreased by 46.1% when compared with that of young female rats. Myelin sheath volume per unit length of myelinated fibers of old female rats was significantly increased by 43.4% compared with that of young female rats. The mean thickness of myelin sheaths in the white matter of the old rats was significantly increased by 33.3%, when compared with that of young female rats. In age-related loss of myelinated fibers, most fibers had diameters less than 1.4 μm, and myelin sheath thicknesses less than 0.14 μm, but the length of myelinated fibers with diameters more than 0.6 μm and myelin sheath thicknesses more than 0.22 μm increased with age. Myelinated fibers with ratios of myelin sheath thicknesses to myelinated fiber external diameter less than 0.21 were significantly lower in elderly rats than in young rats. However, the total length of myelinated fibers with ratios of myelin sheath thicknesses to myelinated fiber external diameter more than 0.23 was higher in aged rats than in young rats. About 6.58% of myelin sheaths showed degenerative alterations, while 0.88% myelin sheaths showed regenerative alterations. This study provides stereological evidence not only for degeneration but also regeneration of myelin sheaths in aged white matter.

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Chronic hydrocephalus in rats and humans: White matter loss and behavior changes

Cited by 184 publications

References 44 publications

Changes caused by hidrocephalus, induced by kaolin, in the corpus callosum of adult dogs

Changes caused by hidrocephalus, induced by kaolin, in the corpus callosum of adult dogs

Neocortical reorganization in spina bifida

Stereological Evidence for De/Re-Generation of Myelin Sheaths in Aged Brain White Matter of Female Rats

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