Chronic Infection With Camelid Hepatitis E Virus in a Liver Transplant Recipient Who Regularly Consumes Camel Meat and Milk

Lee, Guan Huei; Tan, Boon Huan; Teo, Esmeralda C.; Lim, Seng Gee; Dan, Yock Young; Wee, Aileen; Aw, Pauline; Zhu, Yuan; Hibberd, Martin L.; Tan, Chee Kiat; Purdy, Michael A.; Teo, Chong Gee

doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2015.10.048

Cited by 466 publications

(463 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…48 However, the incidence of camelid HEV in humans in countries with large camel populations deserves further attention. to 75%) with a median short-term mortality rate of 34% (range: 0%-100%).…”

Section: Genotypementioning

confidence: 99%

Review article: hepatitis E—a concise review of virology, epidemiology, clinical presentation and therapy

Donnelly

Scobie

Crossan

et al. 2017

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

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SummaryBackground: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a leading cause of acute icteric hepatitis and acute liver failure in the developing world. During the last decade, there has been increasing recognition of autochthonous (locally acquired) HEV infection in developed countries. Chronic HEV infection is now recognised, and in transplant recipients this may lead to cirrhosis and organ failure.Aim: To detail current understanding of the molecular biology of HEV, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies and propose future directions for basic science and clinical research.Methods: PubMed was searched for English language articles using the key words "hepatitis E", "viral hepatitis", "autochthonous infection", "antiviral therapy", "liver transplantation", "acute", "chronic", "HEV", "genotype", "transmission" "food-borne", "transfusion". Additional relevant publications were identified from article reference lists. Future work should focus on increasing awareness of HEV infection in the developed world, emphasising the need for clinicians to have a low threshold for HEV testing, particularly in immunosuppressed patients. Patients at potential risk of chronic HEV infection must also be educated and given advice regarding prevention of infection.

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Section: Genotypementioning

confidence: 99%

Review article: hepatitis E—a concise review of virology, epidemiology, clinical presentation and therapy

Donnelly

Scobie

Crossan

et al. 2017

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

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“…Viruses of gt3 and gt4 cause zoonotic infections transmitted mainly by contaminated food or transfusion of contaminated blood products 5. It has been shown that gt7 can be transmitted from infected dromedaries by undercooked flesh and milk 6. HEV infections can cause arthralgia, vomiting, weakness, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, and hepatitis with accompanied symptoms, including jaundice and itching 7.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E virus replication and interferon responses in human placental cells

Knegendorf

Drave

Thi

et al. 2018

Hepatology Communications

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a member of the genus Orthohepevirus in the family Hepeviridae and the causative agent of hepatitis E in humans. HEV is a major health problem in developing countries, causing mortality rates up to 25% in pregnant women. However, these cases are mainly reported for HEV genotype (gt)1, while gt3 infections are usually associated with subclinical courses of disease. The pathogenic mechanisms of adverse maternal and fetal outcome during pregnancy in HEV‐infected pregnant women remain elusive. In this study, we observed that HEV is capable of completing the full viral life cycle in placental‐derived cells (JEG‐3). Following transfection of JEG‐3 cells, HEV replication of both HEV gts could be observed. Furthermore, determination of extracellular and intracellular viral capsid levels, infectivity, and biophysical properties revealed production of HEV infectious particles with similar characteristics as in liver‐derived cells. Viral entry was analyzed by infection of target cells and detection of either viral RNA or staining for viral capsid protein by immunofluorescence. HEV gt1 and gt3 were efficiently inhibited by ribavirin in placental as well as in human hepatoma cells. In contrast, interferon‐α sensitivity was lower in the placental cells compared to liver cells for gt1 but not gt3 HEV. Simultaneous determination of interferon‐stimulated gene expression levels demonstrated an efficient HEV‐dependent restriction in JEG‐3. Conclusion: We showed differential tissue‐specific host responses to HEV genotypes, adding to our understanding of the mechanisms contributing to fatal outcomes of HEV infections during pregnancy. Using this cell‐culture system, new therapeutic options for HEV during pregnancy can be identified and evaluated. (Hepatology Communications 2018;2:173–187)

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“…[39][40][41] We have recently reported possible zoonotic HEV transmission via camelderived food products. 42 Earlier studies attempting to define subgenotypes of HEV were based mainly on analysis of subgenomic regions. Subsequent analyses of whole-genomic sequences have shown that discrete boundaries may not distinguish subgenotypes consistently.…”

Section: Demographic and Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E in Singapore: A Case-Series and Viral Phylodynamics Study

Teo

Tan

Purdy

et al. 2017

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The incidence of hepatitis E in Singapore appears to be increasing. A retrospective case-series study of patients diagnosed with hepatitis E in a tertiary hospital from 2009 to 2013 was conducted. Of 16 cases, eight (50%) were solid-organ transplant recipients (SOTRs), and 14 (88%) were found infected by genotype 3 hepatitis E virus (HEV-3). Bayesian inferences based on HEV subgenomic sequences from seven cases suggest that HEV-3 strains were introduced to Singapore as two principal lineages. Within limitations of the study, it can be inferred that one lineage, in the 3efg clade, emerged about 83 years ago, probably originating from Japan, whereas the other, in the 3abchij clade, emerged about 40 years ago, from the United States. Establishment and subsequent transmissions of strains from these two lineages likely contribute to the current endemicity of hepatitis E in Singapore.

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Chronic Infection With Camelid Hepatitis E Virus in a Liver Transplant Recipient Who Regularly Consumes Camel Meat and Milk

Cited by 466 publications

References 9 publications

Review article: hepatitis E—a concise review of virology, epidemiology, clinical presentation and therapy

Review article: hepatitis E—a concise review of virology, epidemiology, clinical presentation and therapy

Hepatitis E virus replication and interferon responses in human placental cells

Hepatitis E in Singapore: A Case-Series and Viral Phylodynamics Study

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