Chronic Inflammatory Dermatosis: Rosacea, Overview, Description, Presentation, Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Types, Differential Diagnosis, Treatment of the Disease and Its Role in Pregnancy

Abstract

Introduction: Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis involving especially the cheeks, nose, chin and forehead, characterized by repetitive episodes of transient flushing or erythema, persistent erythema, in addition to phymatous changes, papules, pustules and telangiectasias. Objective: to detail the current information related to rosacea, description, presentation, epidemiology, pathophysiology, types, differential diagnosis, treatment of the disease and its role in pregnancy. Methodology: a total of 50 articles were analyzed in this review, including review and original articles, as well as clinical cases, of which 39 bibliographies were used because the other articles were not relevant to this study. The sources of information were PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane; the terms used to search for information in Spanish, Portuguese and English were: rosacea, treatment, chronic inflammatory dermatosis. Results: Phymatous changes are not frequent, however they occur primarily in the nose (rhinophyma) and more commonly in men. Rosacea usually begins between 30 and 50 years of age, however it can occur at any age. The approximate population prevalence is between less than 1 to 22%. The neurocutaneous mechanisms in rosacea, reflecting reactivity to temperature change, alcohol, sports, UV rays and spicy foods, may be mediated by the ankyrin and vanilloid subfamilies of the transient receptor potential (TRP). Increased rosacea can occur in pregnancy and multiple cases linked to rosacea fulminans (RF) are reported in the literature. Conclusions: Rosacea is characterized by repetitive episodes of redness, persistent erythema, inflammatory papules-pustules and telangiectasias. Previously rosacea was divided into ocular, phymatous, fulminant and granulomatous types, however there is now a new classification of rosacea. In the treatment the first thing is to identify the trigger, then make some general recommendations on the skin such as the use of sunscreen and finally give treatment that can be both topical and systemic or even to use laser or other procedures. The differential diagnosis of rosacea is broad and should be carefully analyzed. Treatment in pregnant women is a huge challenge, because several of the treatments for rosacea are contraindicated or have limited evidence of probable side effects to the fetus. KEYWORDS: rosacea,treatment,dermatosis,inflammatory.