Chronic kidney disease, albuminuria and socioeconomic status in the Health Surveys for England 2009 and 2010

Fraser, Simon; Roderick, Paul; Aitken, Grant; Roth, Marilyn A.; Mindell, Jennifer S.; Moon, Graham; O’Donoghue, Dónal

doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdt117

Cited by 51 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…It tends to be diagnosed in the presence of other comorbidities (particularly hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease), isolated CKD is the exception rather than the rule, and CKD is associated with socioeconomic deprivation 1–3. Effective identification and management are necessary in order to prevent CKD progression and cardiovascular events, reduce the risks associated with acute kidney injury (AKI), and improve patient safety and medicines management.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In developed countries, the prevalence of moderate-to-severe CKD (stages G3–G5) in population-representative surveys is estimated at 5%–6%, depending on the equations used to derive eGFR from serum creatinine 24–28. Prevalence increases sharply with age and is higher in lower socioeconomic groups and certain ethnic populations 1,24,29–31…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Risk factors for the development of CKD include smoking, hypertension, and obesity, all of which are increasing in prevalence and attributable risk status globally with evidence of higher prevalence in lower socioeconomic groups 1,35–38…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronic kidney disease: identification and management in primary care

Fraser¹,

Blakeman²

2016

POR

126

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important and common noncommunicable condition globally. In national and international guidelines, CKD is defined and staged according to measures of kidney function that allow for a degree of risk stratification using commonly available markers. It is often asymptomatic in its early stages, and early detection is important to reduce future risk. The risk of cardiovascular outcomes is greater than the risk of progression to end-stage kidney disease for most people with CKD. CKD also predisposes to acute kidney injury – a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although only a small proportion of people with CKD progress to end-stage kidney disease, renal replacement therapy (dialysis or transplantation) represents major costs for health care systems and burden for patients. Efforts in primary care to reduce the risks of cardiovascular disease, acute kidney injury, and progression are therefore required. Monitoring renal function is an important task, and primary care clinicians are well placed to oversee this aspect of care along with the management of modifiable risk factors, particularly blood pressure and proteinuria. Good primary care judgment is also essential in making decisions about referral for specialist nephrology opinion. As CKD commonly occurs alongside other conditions, consideration of comorbidities and patient wishes is important, and primary care clinicians have a key role in coordinating care while adopting a holistic, patient-centered approach and providing continuity. This review aims to summarize the vital role that primary care plays in predialysis CKD care and to outline the main considerations in its identification, monitoring, and clinical management in this context.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronic kidney disease: identification and management in primary care

Fraser¹,

Blakeman²

2016

POR

126

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“…The data from US studies indicate that black and Hispanic individuals present worse indicators related to CKD than their white counterparts 27 28. A survey in England found that high albuminuria, but not low eGFR, remained associated with low socioeconomic indicators, after adjustment for ethnicity, lifestyle and clinical variables (obesity, diabetes, hypertension and smoking) 29. Greater prevalence of obesity and uncontrolled hypertension and diabetes among non-white individuals are the most common reasons appointed for racial differences in ACR 30–33.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic kidney disease among adult participants of the ELSA-Brasil cohort: association with race and socioeconomic position

Barreto

Ladeira

Duncan

et al. 2015

J Epidemiol Community Health

107

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“…Also, Cr might be affected by high physical activity level [31]. Socioeconomic status [32], anthropometric measurements [33], and blood pressure [34] were related to renal function and CKD. Moreover, kidney function may be affected by sodium intake [35] and animal protein [36, 37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Energy Density, Renal Function, and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease

Rouhani

Mortazavi

Esmaillzadeh

et al. 2016

Advances in Medicine

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Background. There is evidence of the association between dietary energy density and chronic diseases. However, no report exists regarding the relation between DED and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Objective. To examine the association between dietary energy density (DED), renal function, and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Design. Cross-sectional. Setting. Three nephrology clinics. Subjects. Two hundred twenty-one subjects with diagnosed CKD. Main Outcome Measure. Dietary intake of patients was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire. DED (in kcal/g) was calculated with the use of energy content and weight of solid foods and energy yielding beverages. Renal function was measured by blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Cr), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Results. Patients in the first tertile of DED consumed more amounts of carbohydrate, dietary fiber, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, magnesium, calcium, folate, vitamin C, and vitamin B2. After adjusting for confounders, we could not find any significant trend for BUN and Cr across tertiles of DED. In multivariate model, an increased risk of being in the higher stage of CKD was found among those in the last tertile of DED (OR: 3.15; 95% CI: 1.30, 7.63; P = 0.01). Conclusion. We observed that lower DED was associated with better nutrient intake and lower risk of CKD progression.

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Chronic kidney disease, albuminuria and socioeconomic status in the Health Surveys for England 2009 and 2010

Cited by 51 publications

References 38 publications

Chronic kidney disease: identification and management in primary care

Chronic kidney disease: identification and management in primary care

Chronic kidney disease among adult participants of the ELSA-Brasil cohort: association with race and socioeconomic position

Dietary Energy Density, Renal Function, and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease

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