Chronic Lung Diseases and the Risk of Depressive Symptoms Based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study: A Prospective Cohort Study

Abstract

Chronic lung diseases (CLDs) can reduce patients’ quality of life. However, evidence for the relationship between CLD and occurrence with depressive symptoms remains unclear. This study aims to determine the associations between CLD and depressive symptoms incidence, using the data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). CLD was identified via survey questionnaire and hospitalization. The follow-up survey was conducted in 2018 and depressive symptoms were assessed by the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10). A total of 10,508 participants were studied with an average follow-up period of 3 years. A total of 2706 patients (25.8%) with newly diagnosed depressive symptoms were identified. The standardized incidence rate of depressive symptoms in baseline population with and without chronic pulmonary disease was 11.9/100 and 8.3/100 person-years, respectively. The Cox proportional risk model showed that CLD was a significant predictor of depressive symptoms (HR: 1.449, 95% CI: 1.235–1.700) after adjusting for covariates, and the HRs of depressive symptoms were higher in those participants with current smoking (HR: 1.761, 95% CI: 1.319–2.352), men (HR: 1.529, 95% CI: 1.236–1.892), living in rural areas (HR: 1.671, 95% CI: 1.229–2.272), with dyslipidemia (HR: 1.896, 95% CI: 1.180–3.045), and suffering from comorbidity (HR: 1.518, 95% CI: 1.104–2.087) at baseline survey. CLD was an independent risk factor of depressive symptoms in China. The mental health of CLD patients deserves more attention.

Associations of cannabis use, tobacco use and incident anxiety, mood, and psychotic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…We identified 75 studies for inclusion, 13, of which 59 were included in the primary meta-analyses. 13,47,49,50,52,53,[55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][71][72][73][75][76][77][78][80][81][82]84,85,[87][88][89]91,92,[94][95][96]100,[102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111]…”

“…Tobacco use was associated with incident mood disorders (K= 43; RR:1.39, 95%CI:1.30-1.47; I 2= 61.2%; τ 2= 0.014; PI: 1.08-1.77; Figure 1) 13,47,49,50,52,53,[55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64]68,[71][72][73][75][76][77][78]80,81,85,87,88,91,92,100,102,103,[105][106][107][108][109][110]114,115,118 . Exclusion of outliers, 49,68,73 produced similar results (K=40; RR:1.38, 95%CI:1.31-1.45, I 2= 28.5%).…”

“…Pooled unadjusted results yielded a larger point estimate (K=41; RR:1.47, 95%CI:1.34-1.60; I 2= 68.6%; τ 2= 0.06; PI: 0.92-2.33; eSupplement). 47,48,[50][51][52][53][54][55][56]58,[68][69][70][71][72][73][74]77,80,81,83,85,86,88,90,92,93,97,98,102,103,[105][106][107][108]110,114,115,118,119 . CC-BY-NC 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.…”

“…Pooled unadjusted results yielded a larger point estimate (K=41; RR:1.47, 95%CI:1.34-1.60; I 2= 68.6%; τ 2= 0.06; PI: 0.92-2.33; eSupplement). 47,48,[50][51][52][53][54][55][56]58,[68][69][70][71][72][73][74]77,80,81,83,85,86,88,90,92,93,97,98,102,103,[105][106][107][108]110,114,115,118,119…”

Association and biological pathways between lung function and incident depression: a prospective cohort study of 280,032 participants

“…However, it remains unclear whether poor lung function, as measured by forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ), is a direct risk factor for depression. Previous evidence on this topic has primarily focused on either the impact of lung diseases on depression or examined associations in the opposite direction [7,8]. Whilst prior studies have indicated a lung function-depression association, limitations were exhibited in terms of single sex, small samples, cross-sectional designs, and susceptible populations [9][10][11][12].…”