Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases – Burden of Disease in the Population of Croatia.

Abstract

SAŽETAK: Svijet je danas suočen s epidemijom kroničnih nezaraznih bolesti. One su glavni uzrok smrti u gotovo svim zemljama svijeta, a ugrožavaju život i zdravlje ljudi, ali i gospodarski razvoj. Obilježavaju ih zajednički čimbenici rizika, zajedničke determinante koje do njih dovode, kao i zajedničke mogućnosti prevencije. Posebno se ističu kardiovaskularne i zloćudne bolesti, dijabetes i kronične respiratorne bolesti povezane s četirima zajedničkim najvažnijim čimbenicima rizika -pušenjem, nepravilnom prehranom, tjelesnom neaktivnosti i štetnom konzumacijom alkohola. Međutim, potrebno je istaknuti i povezanost nezaraznih bolesti i zajedničkih čimbenika rizika s mentalnim poremeća-jima i ozljedama, koji zahtijevaju posebnu pozornost u sklopu kroničnih bolesti. Sve to zajedno znatno opterećuje zdravstveni sustav, uzrokuje visoke troškove i u konačnici utječe na socijalni i ekonomski razvoj države.SUMMARY: Today, the world faces an epidemic of chronic noncommunicable diseases. They are the main cause of death in almost all countries of the world, endangering both the life and health of the people and economic development in general. They are characterized by shared risk factors, shared determinant causes, and shared prevention strategies. Particularly dangerous are cardiovascular and malignant diseases, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases associated with the four main shared risk factors -smoking, improper diet, lack of physical activity, and harmful alcohol consumption. However, it is important to also emphasize the association between noncommunicable diseases and shared risk factors with mental disorders and injuries, which requires special attention when discussing chronic diseases. All of this places a significant strain on the health care system, causes a large financial burden, and consequently influences the social and economic development of a country.KljUčnE RijEči: kronične nezarazne bolesti, teret bolesti, prevencija.KEYwoRdS: chronic noncommunicable diseases, disease burden, prevention. Izvorni znanstveni ËlanakOriginal scientific paper Situacija u svijetuPosljednjih je desetljeća došlo do porasta kroničnih nezaraznih bolesti (KNB) u gotovo svim zemljama svijeta. Prema procjenama Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije (SZO), 68 % smrti, u svijetu u 2012. godini, uzrokovano je kroničnim bolestima. Od ukupno 56 milijuna umrlih, 38 milijuna umrlo je zbog kroničnih bolesti (17,5 milijuna od kardiovaskularnih bolesti (KVB), odnosno 46,2 %; 8,2 milijuna od zloćudnih bolesti -21,7 %; 4 milijuna od respiratornih bolesti -10,7 %; 1,5 milijuna od dijabetesa -4 %). Približno tri četvrtine smrti od KNB-a (28 milijuna)The global situation During recent decades, there has been an increase in the incidence of chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in almost every country in the world. According to World Health Organization (WHO) estimates, 68% of global deaths in 2012 were caused by chronic diseases. Out of the 56 million total deaths, 38 million died from chronic diseases (17.5 million from cardiovascular disea...

Differences in Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile Among Croatian Medical Students According to Gender and Year of Study

“…Healthy lifestyle can improve health and prevent development of chronic non-communicable diseases, which are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide [7][8][9] . In Croatia, the increasing prevalence and incidence of non-communicable diseases pose considerable burden upon the society and health care system 10,11 . Adolescence as a developmental period of life is characterized by noteworthy physical and psychosocial changes 12. Healthy lifestyle adopted earlier in life often is carried out to adulthood 13,14 .…”

The Most Common Reasons for Voluntary Blood Donors Refusing to Donate to the Croatian Institute of Transfusion Medicine in Zagreb and the Clinical Institute of Transfusion Medicine in Osijek in 2021

“…Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija smatra da je mortalitetna statistika sigurno jedan od najtočnijih izvora zdravstvenih podataka jer ocjenjuje zdravlje stanovništva, oblikuje politiku i nacionalne zdravstvene programe pomoću kojih se može pratiti zdravstveno stanje stanovništva te omogućuje provođenje specifičnih mjera poboljšanja zdravlja stanovništva 16,17 . Prema podatcima Državnog zavoda za statistiku za 2015. godinu kao prvi uzrok smrti u Hrvatskoj navode se bolesti cirkulacijskog sustava 17,18 .…”

An analysis of cardiologic interventional procedures in Croatia between 2010 and 2014: towards the establishment of a national registry.

“…Dobno standardizirane stope mortaliteta 2012. godine u Hrvatskoj još su uvijek bile visoke u europskim okvirima, u muškaraca 202,8/100 000, a u žena 123,8/100 000, za razliku, primjerice, od Austrije i Slovenije, gdje su stope gotovo upola manje, za muškarce 125,5 i 94,9/100 000, a za žene 65,3 i 40,5/100 000. 1,2 Unatrag dvaju desetljeća intervencijska kardiologija u Hrvatskoj znatno je napredovala, dijagnostički i terapijski. Od 1993. do 2001. godine stopa intervencijskih kardioloških zahvata izrazito je porasla, primjerice stopa koronarografija (CA) povećala se 6,15 puta, s 279 na 1716, a stopa perkutanih koronarnih intervencija (PCI) čak 15 puta, s 38 na 565 na milijun stanovnika.…”

“…Age-standardized mortality rates in 2012 in Croatia were still high for European ranges, at 202.8/100 000 for men and 123.8/100 000 for women, as opposed to for instance Austria or Slovenia where mortality rates are lower by half, 125.5 and 94.9/100 000 for men and 65.3 and 40.5/100 000 for women, respectively. 1,2 Interventional cardiology in Croatia has seen significant progress over the last two decades both in diagnostics and treatment. Between 1993 and 2001 the number of interventional cardiologic procedures went up sharply; for instance, the coronarography (CA) rate increased by 6.15 times, to 1 716 from 279, and the rate of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) by as much as 15 times, from 38 to 565 per million inhabitants.…”