2013
DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12450
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Chronic nutrient enrichment increases prevalence and severity of coral disease and bleaching

Abstract: Nutrient loading is one of the strongest drivers of marine habitat degradation. Yet, the link between nutrients and disease epizootics in marine organisms is often tenuous and supported only by correlative data. Here, we present experimental evidence that chronic nutrient exposure leads to increases in both disease prevalence and severity and coral bleaching in scleractinian corals, the major habitat-forming organisms in tropical reefs. Over 3 years, from June 2009 to June 2012, we continuously exposed areas o… Show more

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Cited by 414 publications
(341 citation statements)
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“…The stress caused by overgrowing population of photosymbionts has been described by Wooldridge (2009) to physiologically affect corals and lower their bleaching thresholds. Furthermore, a 3-yr field experiment demonstrated the same effect, where corals bleached more in artificial nutrient enrichment treatments (Vega Thurber et al 2013).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 73%
“…The stress caused by overgrowing population of photosymbionts has been described by Wooldridge (2009) to physiologically affect corals and lower their bleaching thresholds. Furthermore, a 3-yr field experiment demonstrated the same effect, where corals bleached more in artificial nutrient enrichment treatments (Vega Thurber et al 2013).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 73%
“…We then examined the prevalence of Halobacteriovorax across coral microbiomes using a 3-year time series of 16S rRNA libraries generated from the surface mucus layer of corals (Supplementary Methods) that were exposed to increased nitrogen and phosphorus to simulate nutrient pollution, environmental factors that indirectly contribute to coral disease (Vega Thurber et al, 2014). Halobacteriovorax was prevalent in 479% of all samples (n = 198) and not detected in the other samples.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Also, large scale, climate change-related sea surface warming (Hoegh-Guldberg, 1999;Li & Reidenbach, 2014), massive coral bleaching (Miller, Muller, Rogers, Waara et al, 2009), mass coral mortalities (Miller, Waara, Muller & Rogers, 2006), and ocean acidification (Pandolfi, Connolly, Marshall & Cohen, 2011) have resulted in significant biodiversity loss (Jones, McCormick, Srinivasan & Eagle, 2004) and in the alteration of ecosystem functions (Bellwood, Hughes, Folke & Nyström, 2004), benefits (Veron, Hoegh-Guldberg, Lenton, Lough et al, 2009), and resilience (Carilli, Norris, Black, Walsh et al, 2009;Elmhirst, Connolly & Hughes, 2009;Anthony, Maynard, Dí az-Pulido, Mumby et al, 2011). Large-scale, climate change-related phenomena often operate atop of multiple local scale factors, which in combination, can often magnify local impacts on coral reef ecosystem resilience (Hughes, Rodrigues, Bellwood, Ceccarelli et al, 2007;Ledlie, Graham, Bythell, Wilson et al, 2007;Vega-Thurber, Burkepile, Fuchs, Shantz et al, 2013;Duprey, Yasuhara & Baker, 2016) and on overall biodiversity (Foden, Maze, Vié , Angulo et al, 2008;Bellard, Environmental Management and Sustainable Development ISSN 2164-7682 2017 Bertelsmeier, Leadley, Thuiller et al, 2012;Rogers, 2013).…”
Section: Synergistic Impacts Of Local and Global-scale Factors In Cormentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Increasing sedimentation is often linked to increasing turbidity and eutrophication (Meesters, Bak, Westmacott, Ridgley et al, 1998). The combination of increasing eutrophication and sea surface temperature (SST) has been implicated in magnifying coral bleaching severity (Vega-Thurber, Burkepile, Fuchs, Shantz et al, 2013) and coral reef decline (Carilli, Norris, Black, Walsh et al, 2009;Anthony, Maynard, Dí az-Pulido, & Mumby, 2011). Improving the conservation of watersheds and the implementation of sustainable land use strategies have become paramount for the conservation and rehabilitation of coral reef ecosystems in the context of climate change.…”
Section: Synergistic Impacts Of Local and Global-scale Factors In Cormentioning
confidence: 99%
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