Chronic nutritional restriction of omega-3 fatty acids induces a pro-inflammatory profile during the development of the rat visual system

Sandre, Poliana Capucho; Chagas, Luana da Silva; Velasco, Patricia Coelho de; Galvani, Rômulo Gonçalves; Fraga, Karla Yasmin Dias; Carmo, Maria das Graças Tavares do; Vianna, Pedro Henrique Oliveira; Bonomo, Adriana; Serfaty, Claudio Alberto

doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.07.001

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Humans cannot synthesize omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, which are only obtained from food ( 32 , 35 ). Currently, the Western diet contains abundant omega-6 and a low content of omega-3 fatty acids, which leads to a high omega-6/omega-3 ratio (10–20:1) and induces the progression of some chronic autoimmune and degenerative diseases ( 36 ). Hence, low omega-6/omega-3 ratios, i.e., 1:1–4:1, are recommended and would be beneficial to human health for medicinal uses ( 37 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Value-Added Application of Two Renewable Sources as Healthy Food: The Nutritional Properties, Chemical Compositions, Antioxidant, and Antiinflammatory Activities of the Stalks of Rheum officinale Baill. and Rheum tanguticum Maxim. ex Regel

et al. 2022

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Rhubarb plants (Rheum officinale and R. tanguticum) have edible stalks. In this work, we aimed to compare the nutritional properties, chemical compositions, and bioactivities of R. officinale (SRO) and R. tanguticum (SRT) stalks and to analyze the composition–function relationship. Results showed that the two stalks were good sources of fiber, as well as minerals. They contained abundant essential amino acids and essential fatty acids to regulate the immunity and prevent some chronic diseases; the contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids were 2,244.32 mg/100 g and 2,844.69 mg/100 g, respectively. The antioxidant activity were also proved. Metabolomics showed that SRO and SRT contained abundant phenolic acids. Due to the higher concentrations of flavones, SRT has better antiinflammatory activities than SRO by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway. Rhubarb stalks exhibited good safety in acute toxicity and cytotoxicity tests. This work indicated that the two stalks have nutritional value, safety, and bioactivities, and could be used as sources of nutritional ingredients for regulating the immunity of body in food industry.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Value-Added Application of Two Renewable Sources as Healthy Food: The Nutritional Properties, Chemical Compositions, Antioxidant, and Antiinflammatory Activities of the Stalks of Rheum officinale Baill. and Rheum tanguticum Maxim. ex Regel

et al. 2022

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“…Retinocollicular projections also deserve special attention because a compromise of these fibers could be secondary to different nutritional (including a chronic restriction of omega-3 fatty acids), toxic, infectious, hormonal factors, or microglial activation during key developmental periods resulting in ASD (Chagas et al, 2020 ; Sandre et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Correlations Between Asd and Sc Disruptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The “Primitive Brain Dysfunction” Theory of Autism: The Superior Colliculus Role

Jure

2022

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

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A better understanding of the pathogenesis of autism will help clarify our conception of the complexity of normal brain development. The crucial deficit may lie in the postnatal changes that vision produces in the brainstem nuclei during early life. The superior colliculus is the primary brainstem visual center. Although difficult to examine in humans with present techniques, it is known to support behaviors essential for every vertebrate to survive, such as the ability to pay attention to relevant stimuli and to produce automatic motor responses based on sensory input. From birth to death, it acts as a brain sentinel that influences basic aspects of our behavior. It is the main brainstem hub that lies between the environment and the rest of the higher neural system, making continuous, implicit decisions about where to direct our attention. The conserved cortex-like organization of the superior colliculus in all vertebrates allows the early appearance of primitive emotionally-related behaviors essential for survival. It contains first-line specialized neurons enabling the detection and tracking of faces and movements from birth. During development, it also sends the appropriate impulses to help shape brain areas necessary for social-communicative abilities. These abilities require the analysis of numerous variables, such as the simultaneous evaluation of incoming information sustained by separate brain networks (visual, auditory and sensory-motor, social, emotional, etc.), and predictive capabilities which compare present events to previous experiences and possible responses. These critical aspects of decision-making allow us to evaluate the impact that our response or behavior may provoke in others. The purpose of this review is to show that several enigmas about the complexity of autism might be explained by disruptions of collicular and brainstem functions. The results of two separate lines of investigation: 1. the cognitive, etiologic, and pathogenic aspects of autism on one hand, and two. the functional anatomy of the colliculus on the other, are considered in order to bridge the gap between basic brain science and clinical studies and to promote future research in this unexplored area.

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“…When the environment challenges the nervous system (e.g., brain injury, infection, alcohol exposure or dietary restrictions), microglia transit between dynamic reactive phenotypes and modify their density, morphology and molecular signature, which results in the proper tuning of their function [59]. For instance, early malnutrition [60], early life stress or maternal immune activation alter the microglial role in synaptic pruning and, thus, plasticity, impacting social behavior [61] and sensory neural processing [62].…”

Section: Microglial and Neuroplasticity: Impact On Neurological Outco...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Microglia on Neuroplasticity and Long-Term Cognitive Sequelae in Long COVID: Impacts on Brain Development and Beyond

Chagas,

Serfaty

2024

IJMS

Self Cite

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Microglial cells, the immune cells of the central nervous system, are key elements regulating brain development and brain health. These cells are fully responsive to stressors, microenvironmental alterations and are actively involved in the construction of neural circuits in children and the ability to undergo full experience-dependent plasticity in adults. Since neuroinflammation is a known key element in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, one might expect the dysregulation of microglial function to severely impact both functional and structural plasticity, leading to the cognitive sequelae that appear in the pathogenesis of Long COVID. Therefore, understanding this complex scenario is mandatory for establishing the possible molecular mechanisms related to these symptoms. In the present review, we will discuss Long COVID and its association with reduced levels of BDNF, altered crosstalk between circulating immune cells and microglia, increased levels of inflammasomes, cytokines and chemokines, as well as the alterations in signaling pathways that impact neural synaptic remodeling and plasticity, such as fractalkines, the complement system, the expression of SIRPα and CD47 molecules and altered matrix remodeling. Together, these complex mechanisms may help us understand consequences of Long COVID for brain development and its association with altered brain plasticity, impacting learning disabilities, neurodevelopmental disorders, as well as cognitive decline in adults.

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Chronic nutritional restriction of omega-3 fatty acids induces a pro-inflammatory profile during the development of the rat visual system

Cited by 7 publications

References 72 publications

High Value-Added Application of Two Renewable Sources as Healthy Food: The Nutritional Properties, Chemical Compositions, Antioxidant, and Antiinflammatory Activities of the Stalks of Rheum officinale Baill. and Rheum tanguticum Maxim. ex Regel

High Value-Added Application of Two Renewable Sources as Healthy Food: The Nutritional Properties, Chemical Compositions, Antioxidant, and Antiinflammatory Activities of the Stalks of Rheum officinale Baill. and Rheum tanguticum Maxim. ex Regel

The “Primitive Brain Dysfunction” Theory of Autism: The Superior Colliculus Role

The Influence of Microglia on Neuroplasticity and Long-Term Cognitive Sequelae in Long COVID: Impacts on Brain Development and Beyond

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