Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Long-Term Exposure to Traffic-related Air Pollution

Andersen, Zorana Jovanovic; Hvidberg, Martin; Jensen, Steen Solvang; Ketzel, Matthias; Loft, Steffen; Sørensen, Mette; Tjønneland, Anne; Overvad, Kim; Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole

doi:10.1164/rccm.201006-0937oc

Cited by 311 publications

(216 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Anthropogenic production of NO x is largely attributed to fossil fuel combustion, with the transportation sector accounting for 68 % of NO x emissions in Ontario during 2008 (MOE, 2011). Previous studies investigating the spatial distribution of NO x have focused on near-road environments as a means to assess human exposure to trafficrelated air pollution (TRAP), characterize TRAP dilution and chemical evolution, inform urban infrastructure planning and policy, and validate dispersion models (Villena et al, 2011;health effects associated with exposure to NO 2 when used as a marker for TRAP include the exacerbation of asthma symptoms, the increased risk of developing cardiovascular and lung diseases, and increased mortality rates (Andersen et al, 2011;Valari et al, 2011;Pereira et al, 2010;Jerrett et al, 2009;Salam et al, 2008, and references therein; Nafstad et al, 2003). Therefore, an effective means of monitoring the spatio-temporal behaviour of NO 2 could do much to support the development of appropriate pollution mitigation strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> vertical columns in an urban environment using satellite, multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy, and in situ measurements

et al. 2013

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Abstract. Tropospheric NO 2 vertical column densities have been retrieved and compared for the first time in Toronto, Canada, using three methods of differing spatial scales. Remotely sensed NO 2 vertical column densities, retrieved from multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy and satellite remote sensing, were evaluated by comparison with in situ vertical column densities estimated using a pair of chemiluminescence monitors situated 0.01 and 0.5 km a.g.l. (above ground level). The chemiluminescence measurements were corrected for the influence of NO z , which reduced the NO 2 concentrations at 0.01 and 0.5 km by an average of 8 ± 1 % and 12 ± 1 %, respectively. The average absolute decrease in the chemiluminescence NO 2 measurement as a result of this correction was less than 1 ppb. The monthly averaged ratio of the NO 2 concentration at 0.5 to 0.01 km varied seasonally, and exhibited a negative linear dependence on the monthly average temperature, with Pearson's R = 0.83. During the coldest month, February, this ratio was 0.52 ± 0.04, while during the warmest month, July, this ratio was 0.34 ± 0.04, illustrating that NO 2 is not well mixed within 0.5 km above ground level. Good correlation was observed between the remotely sensed and in situ NO 2 vertical column densities (Pearson's R value ranging from 0.72 to 0.81), but the in situ vertical column densities were 52 to 58 % greater than the remotely sensed columns. These results indicate that NO 2 horizontal heterogeneity strongly impacted the magnitude of the remotely sensed columns. The in situ columns reflected an urban environment with major traffic sources, while the remotely sensed NO 2 vertical column densities were representative of the region, which included spatial heterogeneity introduced by residential neighbourhoods and Lake Ontario. Despite the difference in absolute values, the reasonable correlation between the vertical column densities determined by three distinct methods increased confidence in the validity of the values provided by each measurement technique.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> vertical columns in an urban environment using satellite, multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy, and in situ measurements

et al. 2013

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“…15 Therefore, it is suggested that higher exposure to such hazards increases the mortality in COPD patients. 15,16 Similarly, in household works, inefficient cooking fuels and technologies produce high levels of household air pollution with a range of health-damaging pollutants, including small particles that penetrate deep into the lungs. 17 In consistent with our results, one of the studies illustrated greater exposures among women, who spend the most times near the domestic firewood.…”

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confidence: 99%

Study of Pre-disposing Factors of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Antibiotic Prescribing Pattern with Reference to Antibiotic Sensitivity Test

Shrestha

et al. 2017

Kathmandu Univ. Med. J.

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Background Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) affects about 329 million people worldwide, which is nearly 5% of the entire global population. In the context of Nepal, COPD accounts for 43% of the non-communicable disease burden and 2.56% of hospitalizations. Various pre-disposing factors like bacterial, viral, fungal, smoking, occupational exposures and genetic factors have been proposed to precipitate COPD and its exacerbation though, the definitive pre-disposing factors and factors related to acute exacerbation have not been determined in the context of Nepal.Objective To find out the pre-disposing factors and the related causative agents for COPD.Method A cross sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital. Patients of all age group who were diagnosed as COPD and admitted in the hospital were included in this study. Patients were interviewed using structured questionnaire. The socio-demographic data including personal and medical history were recorded from those participants. In addition, sputum from those patients was sent for culture to investigate the possible responsible pathogens as well as its antibiotic sensitivity pattern.Result A total of 150 patients having Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (AECOPD) who have admitted from either emergency or out-patient department of the hospital were included in this study. Among the total number of patients, more than half of them were female (n=82). In addition, analysis of occupations shows that most of them were either farmer (36.0%) or housewife (30.7%). In total studied patients (n=150), most of them were using traditional firewood (83%) for cooking purpose and majority of patients (91%) were smokers. Most of the sputum samples show growth of gram-positive cocci (26.7%) and gram negative bacilli (27.5%). Considering the overall sensitivity pattern, the higher sensitivity was recorded for Co-trimoxazole and Ciprofloxacin while higher rate of resistance was noted for Penicillin group of drugs. The most widely used antibiotics were found to be Cephalosporin group of drugs (68%).Conclusion The present study revealed that the case of COPD is more in female and the commonest pre-disposing factor is found to be smoke/firewood. Cephalosporin group of drugs is the most commonly prescribed drug.

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“…Air pollution is likely to be a factor leading to an increase in morbidity and mortality due to the effects of climate change in Australia [18] and there is a considerable amount of research indicating causation between general air pollution and a range of diseases [73] particularly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease resulting from traffic pollution [74]. We spend over 70% of our time in buildings [75] with little awareness as to how indoor environments may adversely affect public health, such as exposure to known factors of dust mites, endotoxins, mould passive smoke inhalation [75].…”

Section: Airtight Buildingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ensuring adaptation to climate change does not increase health risks from the built environment

Walls¹

2016

J Environ Eng Ecol Sci

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Adaptation to climate change is taking place and there is a need to ensure that it escalates unabated to provide support for and mitigate the adverse effects of the present world population. However, the built environment is changing at an exponential rate in all aspects such as complexity, coverage over the earth's surface and in accommodating a burgeoning world population. Natural disasters such as flooding, inundation, drought, hot days and fire continue to occur, some of which may be attributed to or exacerbated by climate change, impact on the built environment. Apart from direct mortality of many people and resulting morbidity affecting many more people, the vulnerabilities of the built environment in providing shelter, warmth, comfort and services to people are exposed and challenged with each successive disaster event. While we strive to improve our processes and implement new technologies to cope and improve quality of life under a climate change regime, we must also be sufficiently circumspect to avoid adverse and unintended consequences, which may include eye diseases from modern artificial lighting, increased radon exposure from air-tight buildings, Legionella infections from air conditioning systems, dengue fever due to increasing numbers of on-site rain water tanks and others.

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Long-Term Exposure to Traffic-related Air Pollution

Abstract: Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution may contribute to the development of COPD with possibly enhanced susceptibility in people with diabetes and asthma.

Cited by 311 publications

References 37 publications

Comparison of tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> vertical columns in an urban environment using satellite, multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy, and in situ measurements

Comparison of tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> vertical columns in an urban environment using satellite, multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy, and in situ measurements

Study of Pre-disposing Factors of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Antibiotic Prescribing Pattern with Reference to Antibiotic Sensitivity Test

Ensuring adaptation to climate change does not increase health risks from the built environment

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Long-Term Exposure to Traffic-related Air Pollution

Abstract: Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution may contribute to the development of COPD with possibly enhanced susceptibility in people with diabetes and asthma.

Cited by 311 publications

References 37 publications

Comparison of tropospheric NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; vertical columns in an urban environment using satellite, multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy, and in situ measurements

Comparison of tropospheric NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; vertical columns in an urban environment using satellite, multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy, and in situ measurements

Study of Pre-disposing Factors of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Antibiotic Prescribing Pattern with Reference to Antibiotic Sensitivity Test

Ensuring adaptation to climate change does not increase health risks from the built environment

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Product

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Comparison of tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> vertical columns in an urban environment using satellite, multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy, and in situ measurements

Comparison of tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> vertical columns in an urban environment using satellite, multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy, and in situ measurements