Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and osteoporosis

Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive disease characterized by broncho-obstruction, loss of lung elasticity and parenchymal destruction. Today, this disease is the third cause of death in the world. Smoking is the main risk factor for this disease, while other risk factors are vitamin D deficiency, physical inactivity, and the use of systemic corticosteroids. Osteoporosis is a very common comorbidity in patients with COPD and is characterized by lower bone density and changes in the microarchitecture of the bone, which leads to fracture. These two diseases have the same pathophysiological mechanism of origin based on inflammation and common risk factors. If fractures occur, they can further worsen the already decreased pulmonary ventilation, reduce mobility and lead to disability. In patients with COPD it should be taken into consideration that there is a high likelihood of coexisting osteoporosis. Therefore, it is important to timely undertake appropriate diagnostic and preventative measures to prevent the progression of this condition