Chronic otitis media

Wallis, Sebastian; Atkinson, Helen; Coatesworth, A P

doi:10.1080/00325481.2015.1027133

Cited by 46 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Otitis media refers to any inflammatory or infectious process involving the middle ear (Cunningham et al, 2012; Minovi and Dazert, 2014; Atkinson et al, 2015; Wallis et al, 2015). Chronic suppurative OM (CSOM) is a chronic inflammation of the middle ear characterized by persistent middle ear drainage through the perforated tympanic membrane for more than 6 weeks (Bluestone, 1998; Qureishi et al, 2014; Mittal et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Otopathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Enters and Survives Inside Macrophages

et al. 2016

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Otitis media (OM) is a broad term describing a group of infectious and inflammatory disorders of the middle ear. Despite antibiotic therapy, acute OM can progress to chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) characterized by ear drum perforation and purulent discharge. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common pathogen associated with CSOM. Although, macrophages play an important role in innate immune responses but their role in the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa-induced CSOM is not known. The objective of this study is to examine the interaction of P. aeruginosa with primary macrophages. We observed that P. aeruginosa enters and multiplies inside human and mouse primary macrophages. This bacterial entry in macrophages requires both microtubule and actin dependent processes. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that P. aeruginosa was present in membrane bound vesicles inside macrophages. Interestingly, deletion of oprF expression in P. aeruginosa abrogates its ability to survive inside macrophages. Our results suggest that otopathogenic P. aeruginosa entry and survival inside macrophages is OprF-dependent. The survival of bacteria inside macrophages will lead to evasion of killing and this lack of pathogen clearance by phagocytes contributes to the persistence of infection in CSOM. Understanding host–pathogen interaction will provide novel avenues to design effective treatment modalities against OM.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Otopathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Enters and Survives Inside Macrophages

et al. 2016

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“…COM without cholesteatoma is further subdivided into active (with discharge) and inactive (dry ear) forms. 7 It is important for these veins to be assessed using preoperative imaging techniques, because they may represent a source of bleeding and air embolism during surgery. [8][9][10] However, many surgeons fail to pay these veins sufficient attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Mastoid Emissary Canals with Computerized Tomography in Patients with Chronic Otitis Media

Özen

Şahin

2019

J Neurol Surg B

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Background The mastoid emissary veins (MEVs) pass through the mastoid emissary canal-mastoid foramen (MEC-MF) in the mastoid region of the skull. MEVs can give rise to complications during surgical procedures. The purpose of our study was to investigate the morphological and morphometric characteristics of MECs of patients with clinical chronic otitis media (COM) using high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). Methods Patients diagnosed with COM and undergoing temporal HRCT were identified by retrospectively scanning our hospital's automation system. Patients undergoing temporal HRCT for reasons other than COM, infection or tinnitus were identified for the control group by scanning the PACS archive. Sixty-two mastoid regions were examined in 38 unilateral and 12 bilateral COM patients, and 100 mastoid regions in the 50 patients in the control group. The presence of an accessory MEC-MF and MEC-MF diameters was evaluated in both groups. Results Main MEC diameters on the side of the ear with COM were 1.6 mm, and total accessory and main MEC diameters were 1.8 mm, both values being significantly higher than in the control group. Presence of accessory MEC on the side of the ear with COM was determined at 61.8%, significantly higher than in the control group. Conclusion Preoperative awareness of cranial venous drainage abnormalities is important to reduce surgical complications. Our study shows that MECs may be wider in diameter in patients with COM. MECs in COM patients must be identified before surgery to the mastoid region.

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“…ME disease is made up of a number of medical conditions that affect the internal structures of the ear, and are estimated to affect approximately 1 in 20 adults worldwide [3], [4], [5]. One condition of particular interest is cholesteatoma, a benign tumor that erodes hearing structures and causes hearing loss and recurrent infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Through the Eustachian Tube and Beyond: A New Miniature Robotic Endoscope to See Into the Middle Ear

Fichera

Dillon

Zhang

et al. 2017

IEEE Robot. Autom. Lett.

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This paper presents a novel miniature robotic endoscope that is small enough to pass through the Eustachian tube and provide visualization of the middle ear (ME). The device features a miniature bending tip previously conceived of as a small-scale robotic wrist that has been adapted to carry and aim a small chip-tip camera and fiber optic light sources. The motivation for trans-Eustachian tube ME inspection is to provide a natural-orifice-based route to the ME that does not require cutting or lifting the eardrum, as is currently required. In this paper, we first perform an analysis of the ME anatomy and use a computational design optimization platform to derive the kinematic requirements for endoscopic inspection of the ME through the Eustachian tube. Based on these requirements, we fabricate the proposed device and use it to demonstrate the feasibility of ME inspection in an anthropomorphic model, i.e. a 3D-printed ME phantom generated from patient image data. We show that our prototype provides > 74% visibility coverage of the sinus tympani, a region of the ME crucial for diagnosis, compared to an average of only 6.9% using a straight, non-articulated endoscope through the Eustachian Tube.

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Chronic otitis media

Cited by 46 publications

References 26 publications

Otopathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Enters and Survives Inside Macrophages

Otopathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Enters and Survives Inside Macrophages

Evaluation of the Mastoid Emissary Canals with Computerized Tomography in Patients with Chronic Otitis Media

Through the Eustachian Tube and Beyond: A New Miniature Robotic Endoscope to See Into the Middle Ear

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