Out of 234 columnar epithelial heterotopies discovered during 4,380 esophagoscopies (1963–1970), 43 would respond, by their distal extension and localisation, to the criterion of ‘esophagus lined with columnar epithelium’. Their distribution according to age has revealed a preponderance of the rate of incidence of the ‘esophagus lined with columnar epithelium’ in infancy and in old age. From the endoscopic point of view, the systematically applied stage photography has made it possible to differentiate 2 distinct morphological types: In the first type, frequently found in infancy, the epithelial heterotopy appears to be diffused and presents a linear upper limit localised most often at the aortic arch. In the second type, usually in old age, the heterotopy is discontinued, irregular, with an asymmetrical upper limit. Histologically, 41 times out of 43, the columnar epithelium was without acid secretion (absence of the parietal and chief cells). The esophagus lined with columnar epithelial would associate 43 times (100% of cases) to a gastroesophagial reflux, 41 times to a peptic esophagitis, 19 times to a peptic stenosis, twice to a Barrett ulcer, 5 times to an adeno-carcinoma and 35 times (81% of cases) to a hiatal hernia. With the exception of the Barrett ulcer the peptic lesions generally would be found on the squamous mucosa. Once out of twice they associate themselves with a stenosis. In 3 cases, repeated endoscopies during 5 years or more have not shown any modification of the epithelial morphology of the heterotopy (compared photographs and biopsies).