Chronic Peripheral Neuropathy Produced by Lead Poisoning in Guinea-Pigs

Fullerton, Pamela M.

doi:10.1097/00005072-196604000-00003

Cited by 151 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…At the concentration of heme used (Figs. [2][3][4], there were no detectable morphological effects on the cultures.…”

Section: Methods Preparation and Treatment Of The Cufturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequent studies have shown variability in this change in myelin during chronic lead exposure. This variability has been attributed in part to age and species differences in animals and to differences in duration ofexposure and doses of lead employed in such studies (2)(3)(4)(5)(6). Although there is no conclusive evidence as to whether lead primarily affects neuronal elements, non-neuronal elements, or both, studies dealing with this question (3)(4)(5) have suggested that lead produces a primary lesion in Schwann cells and that the neuronal lesions are due, in part, to pathological changes that occur in these supporting cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Porphyrin-heme biosynthesis in organotypic cultures of mouse dorsal root ganglia. Effects of heme and lead on porphyrin synthesis and peripheral myelin.

Whetsell¹,

Sassa²,

Kappas³

1984

J. Clin. Invest.

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A s bstract. Well-myelinated cultures of mouse dorsal root ganglia incubated for 48 h with 6-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) showed intense porphyrin fluorescence localized in myelin sheaths but not in axons or neuronal somata. When the cultures were continuously incubated with a high concentration of lead, focal swelling and segmental degeneration of myelin began to develop within 2 wk. Incubation of cultures with ALA after 3 wk of lead treatment revealed markedly decreased porphyrin fluorescence in myelin sheaths compared with untreated controls. After 6 wk of lead treatment, myelin showed severe segmental degeneration. Porphyrin fluorescence from ALA at this time was barely detectable in these cultures. No fluorescence was visible in the demyelinated axons; however, silver-impregnation staining after fixation demonstrated continuity of the axon despite the severe loss of myelin. When cultures were continuously incubated with lead and heme together for 6 wk, the segmental demyelination seen in cultures treated with lead alone did not occur. These findings suggest that the lead-induced segmental demyelination in cultured mouse dorsal root ganglia may be due to toxic effects of the metal on the heme biosynthetic pathway in myelinating cells and that exogenous heme may counteract this toxic effect of lead.

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“…At the concentration of heme used (Figs. [2][3][4], there were no detectable morphological effects on the cultures.…”

Section: Methods Preparation and Treatment Of The Cufturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porphyrin-heme biosynthesis in organotypic cultures of mouse dorsal root ganglia. Effects of heme and lead on porphyrin synthesis and peripheral myelin.

Whetsell¹,

Sassa²,

Kappas³

1984

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Lead-induced pathologic changes in these fibers include segmental demyelination and axonal degeneration (27). Extensor muscle palsy with wrist drop or ankle drop has, since the time of Nikander, been the classic clinical manifestation of this toxicity (1).…”

Section: Neurologic ¶Bxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Current issues in the epidemiology and toxicology of occupational exposure to lead.

Landrigan

1990

Environ Health Perspect

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Occupational exposure to lead is widespread in the United States. Clinically evident lead poisoning as well as subclinical toxicity occur in populations with occupational lead exposure. The focus of current research on lead toxicity in industrial populations is in the definition of dose-response relationships, particularly at low levels of exposure. Major interest surrounds the development of biochemical and physiologic markers of subclinical toxicity. Need exists to better delineate the toxicity of lead on the peripheral and central nervous system, the kidneys, the cardiovascular system, and the reproductive organs using newly developed markers 'lb obtain more accurate information on cumulative individual exposure to lead, future research on lead toxicity will increasingly use X-ray fluorescence analysis for determination of the lead content in bone.

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“…Degeneration, reduction in diameter, and retardation of regrowth have been observed in peripheral nerve axons of lead-poisoned experimental animals [9][10][11] . Slowing of peripheral nerve conduction is usually minimal in lead neuropathy 12) , suggesting that changes in the nerve are mainly axonal degeneration with or without secondary demyelination.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of Glucose Metabolism in the Spinal Cord of Experimental Lead Poisoning Rats. Microdetermination of Glucose Utilization Rate and Distribution Volume.

et al. 2000

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To examine the effects of lead on glucose metabolism in the spinal cord, glucose utilization rate (GUR) and distribution volume of glucose (DV) in the anterior horn and white matter were determined in 9 rats exposed to lead for 4 weeks and 10 control rats. The GUR and DV were determined by the quantitative microdetermination method using non-tracer amount of 2-deoxyglucose based on the three-compartments model of Sokoloff. The GUR and DV in the anterior horn in the lead-exposed rats were significantly lower than those in the controls. It is thus suggested that glucose metabolism, as measured by the GUR and DV, in the anterior horn is inhibited by lead; the anterior horn cells seem sensitive to lead neurotoxicity. . Uptake of glucose analog (3-O-methylglucose) by the MEly cells (a cell line of mouse cerebral microvessel endothelium) was inhibited after the cells were incubated with a medium containing 10 -4 M of lead for 2 days 3). As a more acute effect, Bertoni and Sprenkle (1988) 4) demonstrated the decrease of glucose utilization rate (GUR) in the medial geniculate bodies, inferior colliculus and sensory cortex of the brain of rats 45 min after intravenous injection of lead acetate, when the animals showed BPb concentrations of about 160 µg/dl, using the 2-deoxyglucose autoradiographic method.R e c e n t l y, t w o o f t h e a u t h o r s d e v e l o p e d a

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Chronic Peripheral Neuropathy Produced by Lead Poisoning in Guinea-Pigs

Cited by 151 publications

References 0 publications

Porphyrin-heme biosynthesis in organotypic cultures of mouse dorsal root ganglia. Effects of heme and lead on porphyrin synthesis and peripheral myelin.

Porphyrin-heme biosynthesis in organotypic cultures of mouse dorsal root ganglia. Effects of heme and lead on porphyrin synthesis and peripheral myelin.

Current issues in the epidemiology and toxicology of occupational exposure to lead.

Alteration of Glucose Metabolism in the Spinal Cord of Experimental Lead Poisoning Rats. Microdetermination of Glucose Utilization Rate and Distribution Volume.

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