Chronic Rhinitis in the Cat

Reed, Nicki

doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2019.10.005

Cited by 13 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The current study was unable to include the investigation of other plausible causes of pyothorax and emerging pathogens of respiratory interest in cat species, including fungal infection [ 7 ], respiratory mycoplasma [ 11 ], Haemophilus sp. [ 69 ], lungworm [ 70 ], larva migrans [ 7 ], anaerobes [ 14 ] and foreign body migration [ 13 ]. These pathogens can cause pyothorax directly or indirectly via parapneumonic extended infection into the pleural cavity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Retrospective Study on Bacteriology, Clinicopathologic and Radiographic Features in 28 Cats Diagnosed with Pyothorax

Sim

Lau

Omar

et al. 2021

Animals

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This retrospective study aimed to determine the etiological, clinicopathological, and radiographic features and outcome of feline pyothorax cases. Medical records from twenty-eight cats with pyothorax aged from 4 months to 10 years (median 10 months) diagnosed between 2013 and 2020 were reviewed. Dyspnoea (75.0%), abnormal lung sounds (75.0%) and open-mouth breathing (64.3%) were the predominant respiratory signs. Leucocytosis (61.5%), particularly monocytosis (68.0%), and hyperglobulinaemia (65.4%) were among the most prominent findings in blood analysis. Bilateral pleural effusion was found in 67.9% of the thoracic radiographs. A total of 47.4% of the cytological samples revealed the presence of bacteria, while all had positive bacterial growth. Pasteurella multocida, E. coli, Streptococcus spp., and Staphylococcus spp. were the predominant aerobic bacteria isolated from pleural effusion samples. A chest tube was placed in 64.3% of the cats and 66.7% of cats with chest tubes survived. In total, 46.4% of cats with pyothorax recovered. Amoxicillin–clavulanate was the antimicrobial of choice against aerobic bacteria found in this study and should be given in combination with antimicrobials that cover anaerobic bacteria. Chest tube placement is crucial for treatment success. Cytological results and bacterial culture may not be consistent; thus, bacterial culture should be performed for every case.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Retrospective Study on Bacteriology, Clinicopathologic and Radiographic Features in 28 Cats Diagnosed with Pyothorax

Sim

Lau

Omar

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…It is unclear why cats are presented in rather advanced disease stages. It is possible that cats with nasal tumours are misdiagnosed as having chronic rhinitis, the second most common cause of nasal disease in cats, 22 and that work up including advanced imaging and other diagnostics is delayed while cats are treated symptomatically with steroids, NSAIDs and/or antibiotics 21–23 . Cats in previous studies seemed to show only mild signs with stage 4 disease, despite having measurable intracranial tumour extension 3,7,10 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Definitive‐intent radiotherapy for sinonasal carcinoma in cats: A multicenter retrospective assessment

Stiborova

Meier

Takada

et al. 2020

Vet Comparative Oncology

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Treatment of epithelial sinonasal tumours in cats is not commonly reported. In the newer reports, palliative radiation protocols have been described more often than definitive-intent protocols. In this multi-institutional retrospective study, we included 27 cats treated with single-modality radiotherapy. Cats were irradiated using 10 daily fractions of 4.2 Gy. Three cats (11.1%) experienced a complete clinical response and 17 (63%) had a partial clinical response. Stable clinical disease was noted in three cats (11.1%). Four cats (14.8%) showed progression within 3 months following treatment. The median time to progression for all cases was 269 days (95 % confidence intervals [CI]: 225; 314). The proportion of cats free of progression at 1 and 2 years was 24% (95% CI: 22%; 26%) and 5% (95% CI: 5%; 6%), respectively. None of the prognostic factors evaluated were predictive of outcome (anaemia, tumour volume at the time of staging, modified Adams stage, intracranial involvement, facial deformity, epistaxis, inappetence or weight loss). Median overall survival (OS) for all deaths was 452 days (95% CI: 334; 571). The proportion of cats alive at 1 and 2 years was 57% (95% CI: 37%; 77%) and 27% (95% CI: 25%; 29%), respectively. Surprisingly, cats with epistaxis had a longer median OS of 828 days (95% CI: 356; 1301) compared to 296 days (95% CI: 85; 508) in cats without epistaxis, (P = .04, Breslow). Radiation therapy used as a single modality for the treatment of feline sinonasal carcinoma improved clinical signs and was well tolerated but progression within a year was common.

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“…The partial resolution in the amount of fluid present within the mid and rostral nasal cavity, combined with a repeat positive culture for P aeruginosa with the same susceptibility suggests that there is still ongoing chronic rhinitis without frontal sinusitis, which has been reported to be notoriously difficult to resolve. 13 However, at the time of writing, the owner was happy with the cat’s breathing and general demeanour, and was tolerant of the occasional sneezing of mucoid material and weekly aspiration of nasal material.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partial resolution of chronic unilateral sinonasal obstructive disease in a cat using a temporary polyvinylchloride stent

Brown¹,

Woerde²,

Hoffmann³

et al. 2020

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports

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Case summary A 3-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat presented for further investigation of a swollen left eyelid and a hard, non-painful bony swelling over the left frontal sinus. Physical examination revealed no nasal discharge or airflow through the left nostril. A CT of the head revealed a left frontal sinus obstruction with expansile remodelling and osteolucency. Drainage of the frontal sinus obstruction was alleviated via placement of a temporary polyvinylchloride (PVC) stent that was left in place for 6 weeks. Purulent material removed from the frontal sinus returned a positive culture for Pseudomonas aeruginosa susceptible to marbofloxacin that was continued for 4 weeks, and for an additional 2 weeks after stent removal. A left-sided mucoid nasal discharge returned 3 months after removal of the stent. Repeat CT performed 20 months after surgery found the presence of a gas-filled frontal sinus and partial resolution in the amount of fluid within the mid and rostral nasal cavity. A repeat positive culture for P aeruginosa was also obtained. The exact cause of the chronic unilateral sinonasal obstruction remains unclear, but an underlying chronic rhinitis with secondary obstructive frontal sinusitis or sinus mucocoele with secondary nasal extension was suspected. Relevance and novel information Chronic rhinosinusitis in cats can be a challenging condition to treat and cure. This case illustrates the partial resolution of chronic unilateral sinonasal obstructive disease in a cat using a temporary PVC stent.

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Chronic Rhinitis in the Cat

Cited by 13 publications

References 61 publications

A Retrospective Study on Bacteriology, Clinicopathologic and Radiographic Features in 28 Cats Diagnosed with Pyothorax

A Retrospective Study on Bacteriology, Clinicopathologic and Radiographic Features in 28 Cats Diagnosed with Pyothorax

Definitive‐intent radiotherapy for sinonasal carcinoma in cats: A multicenter retrospective assessment

Partial resolution of chronic unilateral sinonasal obstructive disease in a cat using a temporary polyvinylchloride stent

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